October 2026 – A Timeline of Guitar History in 400+ Snippets: Part III

Prelude

HOT DIGGITY DOG! What the heck dude! Now wait jus’ a doggone minute! This article was not meant to exist but it does. How did that happen? Why zat den? All will be explained in good time. For now, bienvenidos queridos amigos. Willkommen, liebe freunde. Bienvenue chers amis. ‘Ello maties. What up dawg. Once again, you are genially granted admission to the bizarrely brilliant biosphere of CRAVE Guitars, as we begin the final run up to the end of 2026. Autumn is definitely now with us up here in the northern hemisphere. It’s usually at this point that I make some sort of wise‑ass comment. However, at the time of writing, I don’t have anything worthy of my regular wise‑ass‑ness. I’m not usually struck mute. I got nothin’!? I must be losing it (whatever ‘it’ is). Seems a good time to give y’all a break from my perpetually pretentious and pompous prattle (Ed: keeping the alliterative assonances going, though).

“I just go where the guitar takes me” – Angus Young (1955‑)


This Month at CRAVE Guitars…

Previously on… Part I of the guitar timeline covered the period 5300BCE‑1899 and Part II covered the much shorter but very intensive period, 1900‑1959. Part I had all the prefatory blurb, Part II was largely blurb‑less, and this Part III has all the concluding blurb, so there isn’t much need for any surplus blurb this month. Apart from the fact that there was never intended to be a Part III, it should be no surprise that, as there is one, it follows on from Part II. There is genuinely not a lot else to add at this point.

Follow the links below for the preceding two articles in this series should you wish to view/review the story so far (each link opens a new browser tab)…

August 2026 – A Timeline of Guitar History in 400+ Snippets: Part I
September 2026 – A Timeline of Guitar History in 400+ Snippets: Part II

As with Parts I & II, no AI was used in researching and writing this article; simply the author’s feeble neurons, synapses and shedloads of patience. ‘Quotes of wisdom’ continue the theme of insights into the guitar. Only a small number of hard‑earned images again this month.

“I’m just a guitarist in a kick‑ass rock and roll band. What more could I ask for?” – Eddie Van Halen (1955‑)


The Rationale for the Article

Why are we here? No, it is not some philosophical existential enquiry. Sorry. While that is unquestionably an important question to ask, it doesn’t really relate to vintage guitars (or does it?) More prosaically, why is there a Part III when it was originally planned to be a 2‑part saga? Well the draft Part II grew to such an extent that I felt it was too much for readers to absorb in one go, so I split it in two at the last moment (very Hollywood!). So here we are (again) with a revised supplemental conclusion.

As you might expect from the title, Part III is a direct continuation of the previous two articles. It is also the concluding episode. Genuinely this time. Honest. The three parts together set out the long and storied history of the guitar, so no further justification is really necessary.

The guitar had achieved a commanding status that really coalesced during the 1950s with the introduction of mass produced solid body electric guitars coinciding with the advent of rock & roll, reflecting progressive and permissive cultural and social change in America and the UK. The ‘swinging’ 1960s multiplied that trend manifold and the 1970s continued the astonishing profoundly reformist emancipation of society and the democratisation of popular music that mirrored it (NB. the 1970s were termed ‘the “me” decade’ by author Tom Wolfe in his book, ‘The “Me” Decade and the Third Great Awakening’ (1976), referring to move towards ‘atomized individualism’ after the communal counterculturalism of the 1960s).

The guitar’s pre‑eminence has continued well into the 21st Century. Its status, however, is now challenged strongly by digital music creation, production, distribution and sale. In 2026, AI is an additional major new factor, with which the industry is struggling to grapple. AI, though, has no idea whatsoever what a guitar is or how it is played or the delicate nuances nurtured by skilled musicians who spend decades honing their unique expertise. Guitars at the time of writing remain resolutely in the analogue domain. For now.

The guitar’s omnipresent domination may now be under threat, as it has been many times in the past (think of the disco boom of the 1970s and the pop‑synth boom of the 1980s, both of which boldly and dismally signalled ‘the death of guitar music’). The world’s favourite instrument must continue to adapt if it is to secure a relevant and prosperous future. That is a subject for further debate and this retrospective chronology is not the place for such a discussion.

“The guitar is the coolest instrument in the world” – Steve Vai (1960‑)


A Timeline of Guitar History: Part III – 1960‑2026

Here we go then, with the remainder of the 20th Century (1960-1999) and the 21st Century so far (2000‑2026), setting out in the final 200 entries covering the last 66 years of our extensive 5,500‑year historical journey.

As with the last two articles, for those with an attention deficit, the infographic below provides a significantly abbreviated alternative version.

1960Gibson introduced the Hummingbird square‑shouldered dreadnought flat top steel strung acoustic guitar, with solid Sitka spruce top and solid mahogany back and sides. A stylised hummingbird was engraved on the pickguard
1960Fender introduced the ‘Blonde’ series of valve amplifiers, manufactured until the style was discontinued in 1964
1960Fender introduced the offset solid‑body Jazz Bass with a narrower neck to broaden appeal and to complement the existing Fender Precision bass
1961The original single‑cutaway Gibson Les Paul was discontinued and an all new Les Paul Standard was introduced by Gibson with a radical double‑cutaway design that would be renamed the SG in 1963. Les Paul did not approve of the new look, despite his name appearing on the headstock. The original single‑cutaway Gibson Les Paul design would be re‑introduced in 1968
1961Fender introduced the offset solid‑body 6‑string Bass VI (originally just VI). Unusually, it wasn’t a bass or a guitar and neither was it a baritone. The Bass VI had a scale length of 30”, between a bass and a guitar and was tuned an octave lower than a normal guitar’s standard EADGBE tuning. Like the Jazzmaster, the Bass VI had a vibrato. The model was discontinued in 1975
1961Gretsch updated the 6128 Duo Jet guitar with a double cutaway body, retaining the chambered body and giving the Jet a more modern aesthetic
1961Valco introduced the innovative National and Supro guitar lines with hollow resin‑bonded fibreglass (Res‑O‑Glas) bodies
1962Marshall Amplification was founded by English drummer and retailer Jim Marshall (1923‑2012) in London, England, UK
1962Fender introduced the upmarket Jaguar offset solid body short‑scale (24”) electric guitar to complement the Jazzmaster that had been launched in 1958
1962Following the Hummingbird, Gibson introduced the Dove square‑shouldered dreadnought flat top steel strung acoustic with solid Sitka spruce top and solid flame maple back and sides. It featured an engraved pickguard with mother‑of‑pearl dove inlays
1962Maestro (a Gibson brand) introduced the FZ‑1 Fuzz Tone effect pedal, the first widely available fuzz/distortion guitar effect pedal
1962Ernie Ball Inc. was founded by American musician and entrepreneur Roland Sherwood Ball (1930‑2004) in San Luis Obispo, California, USA initially to market guitar‑related products. The company is best known for its guitar and bass strings
1963Gibson hired legendary American Chrysler automotive designer Ray Dietrich (1894‑1980) to style and launch the company’s Firebird guitar and Thunderbird bass. The innovative ‘reverse’‑bodied instruments featured neck‑through body construction and new mini pickups. There were four Firebird models I, III, V and VII and two Thunderbird bass models II and IV
1963Following the end of an endorsement deal, Gibson officially re‑named the double cutaway Les Paul as the SG (Solid Guitar). There were four models, the Junior (single P90), Special (dual P90s), Standard (dual humbuckers) and Custom (triple humbuckers)
1963Guild introduced the S‑100 (SG‑like) and the curious S‑200 Thunderbird solid body electric guitars
1963Rickenbacker introduced the iconic 360 hollow body electric guitar. A 12‑string variant, the Rickenbacker 360/12, was made famous by The Beatles and The Byrds in the mid‑1960s
1963Marshall introduced the legendary JTM45 valve amplifier head, rated at 45W. Alongside the amp, Marshall also introduced the now‑legendary closed‑back 4×12” speaker cabinet. The JTM45 model was discontinued in 1966
1964Fender introduced the ‘blackface’ series of valve amplifiers, manufactured until the style was discontinued in 1967
1964Fender introduced the short scale (24”) dual pickup solid‑body electric Mustang ‘student’ guitar with a unique innovative vibrato mechanism
1964Larry and Joe Macari founded Sola Sound Ltd. in London. The company made guitar effect pedals and amplifiers that were sold through the Macari’s Musical Exchange shops. Sola Sound made effects for in‑house brand, Colorsound from 1967
1965Kustom Amplification was founded by Charles A. ‘Bud’ Ross (1940‑2018) in Chanute, Kansas, USA. The brand was notable for its distinctive ‘Naugahyde tuck‑n‑roll’ styling used until c.1975. Ross sold Kustom to Baldwin Piano Company in 1972, after which Ross went on to found ROSS effects in 1974
1965American innovator and entrepreneur, Hartley Peavey founded Peavey Electronics in Meridian, Mississippi, USA. Peavey started marketing electric guitars and basses from 1978. Peavey remains one of the largest global musical equipment and pro audio manufacturers
1965Fender Musical Instruments was sold to the giant media company, CBS (Columbia Broadcasting System) for $13m. The company’s founder, Leo Fender was barred from competing with his former business for 10 years, after which he was involved with the formation of Music Man in 1974
1965Fender introduced the offset solid body Bass V, the world’s first commercial 5‑string bass, by adding a high ‘C’ string. Unusually, it only had 15 frets despite its long 34” scale. The Bass V was discontinued in 1971
1965Fender introduced the offset Electric XII 12‑string solid‑body electric guitar, the final guitar designed by Leo Fender for the company that bore his name. The model was intended to compete with the popular Rickenbacker 360/12. The Electric XII was discontinued in 1969
1965Gibson introduced the ‘non‑reverse’‑bodied Firebird and Thunderbird bass to replace the ‘reverse’‑bodied models introduced in 1963. The new shape was simpler and cheaper to produce than its predecessor. Fender threatened Gibson with legal action over the Firebird’s body shape, citing Leo Fender’s 1958 US patent for offset body guitar design as used on the Fender Jazzmaster
1965Ovation was founded by aeronautical engineer and inventor Charles Kaman (1919‑2011), in Hartford, Connecticut, USA. Kaman used his technical background to develop the innovative Ovation ‘Lyrachord’ roundback electro‑acoustic guitar
1965British company Sola Sound introduced its most famous guitar effect pedal, the Tone Bender fuzz, based on the earlier American Maestro Fuzz Tone
1965Dunlop Manufacturing was founded by Scottish immigrant to the USA, entrepreneur and businessman Jim Dunlop (1936‑2019) in Benicia, California, USA to sell guitar‑related products
1965Maxon, an effect pedal brand name used by Nisshin Onpa, was established in Tokyo Japan. Maxon famously made effect pedals for Ibanez until 2002
1965Japan started to import significant numbers of cheap guitars into the US market, many of them flagrant clones of established American models. The competition ultimately led to the infamous ‘lawsuit era’ scandal of the 1970s
1966Fender introduced the short scale (30”) offset solid body ‘student’ Mustang Bass to complement the Mustang 6‑string guitar
1966Ted McCarty stepped down from his role as president of Gibson and acquired Bigsby. McCarty became president of the new company
1966The first wah‑wah effect pedal was created by Bradley J. Plunkett and Lester Kushner at Warwick Electronics Inc., distributed by Thomas Organ Company and named after trumpeter Clyde McCoy (1903‑1990). The effect was subsequently renamed the V846 VOX Wah‑Wah. A US patent was filed in 1967 and granted in 1970
1966Hiwatt (as Hylight) was founded by British audio engineer Dave Reeves in Surrey, England to build high power valve amplifiers. Reeves was also contracted to build amplifiers for Ivor Arbiter’s Sound City brand
1966Fender introduced their first solid‑state amplifiers based on existing successful valve amplifiers like the Twin Reverb and Bassman. Traditional vacuum tubes were replaced by silicon transistors. Fender’s transistor amps were not commercially successful and Fender discontinued solid‑state amplifier production by 1971
1966Danelectro was acquired by the giant media company MCA Inc. (Music Corporation of America). In addition to the main brand, a budget range of guitars was introduced under the Coral name. By 1969, Danelectro had ceased manufacturing
1966The iconic circular Fuzz Face guitar effect pedal was introduced by British entrepreneur Ivor Arbiter (1929‑2005). The Fuzz Face was another adaptation of the Maestro Fuzz Tone. In 1969, the Arbiter name was sold to rival Dallas and the merged company was re‑named Dallas‑Arbiter
1966Yamaha introduced their first made‑in‑Japan steel strung acoustic guitar, the FG180 as well as their first electric guitars, the SG‑2/3/7 and the SB‑2 electric bass. Yamaha’s first nylon strung classical guitars were introduced in 1967
1967Having pioneered humbucking guitar pickups at Gibson, American electronic engineer Seth Lover began working for rival company Fender
1967Fender introduced the ‘silverface’ series of valve amplifiers, manufactured until the style was discontinued in 1981
1967Gretsch was acquired by the Baldwin Piano Company. Production lasted until 1981 when Baldwin ceased manufacturing of Gretsch products
1967Fender introduced the short scale single‑pickup Bronco ‘student’ guitar with a unique innovative vibrato mechanism The Bronco was the final addition to Fender’s ‘student’ range that included the Musicmaster, Duo‑Sonic and Mustang
1967Danelectro, recently acquired by MCA, introduced the Coral Electric Sitar developed by session guitarist Vinnie Bell (1932‑2019) to capitalise on the Indian influence on Anglo‑American psychedelic rock and pop music in the late 1960s
1967Guitar manufacturing firms, Valco and Kay Musical Instrument Company merged, only for the resulting business to go bankrupt in 1968
1967Jean Larrivée Guitars Inc. was founded by Canadian luthier, Jean Larrivée (1944‑) in Toronto, Canada to make premium classical and acoustic guitars
1967Laney Amplification was founded by musician Lyndon Laney (1948‑2026) in Birmingham, England
1967Guitar effect brand Colorsound was established by brothers Larry and Joe Macari in London, England to supplement the existing Sola Sound business
1967Thomas Organ Company introduced the Cry Baby Wah effect pedal, basically a copy of the VOX V486 wah. Dunlop Manufacturing acquired the Cry Baby name in 1982 and released the GCB95 Cry Baby Standard Wah
1967Shergold Guitars was founded by former Burns of London employees Jack Golder and Norman Houlder in London, England
1967Swedish musical instrument manufacturer, Hagström introduced the world’s first 8‑string bass guitar (with 4 courses of paired strings), the H8. The short‑lived H8 was discontinued in 1969
1968Effect pedal manufacturer, Electro‑Harmonix was founded by Mike Matthews (c.1942‑) in New York City, USA, initially with the Muff fuzz and Linear Power Booster effects. The original company went out of business in 1984
1968Fender introduced the Telecaster Bass, a variant of the Precision bass, based on the original Precision bass design from 1951. It wasn’t technically a reissue as the model hadn’t previously been called the Telecaster bass
1968Following musician demand from the likes of English guitarist Eric Clapton, Gibson reintroduced the single cutaway Les Paul, which had been discontinued in 1961. The classic Gibson Les Paul model has been in continuous production since
1968Fender introduced the semi‑hollow Telecaster Thinline electric guitar, initially with standard Telecaster pickups and, from 1972, with ‘wide range’ humbucking pickups. The Telecaster Thinline was discontinued in 1980
1968Dan Armstrong (1934‑2004) designed the innovative clear Plexiglas (a.k.a. Acrylite, Lucite, Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)) guitar for Ampeg. The instrument featured innovative interchangeable pickups. The model was discontinued in 1971
1968HH Electronics was founded by Mike Harrison in Cambridgeshire, England to build solid‑state amplifiers, PAs, mixers and speaker systems. HH went bankrupt in 1984
1968British company, Orange Amps was founded by musician, electronics designer and retailer Clifford Cooper (1942‑) in London, England
1968American guitar manufacturer Mosrite filed for bankruptcy and was finally shut down in 1969
1969Gibson’s parent company, Chicago Musical Instruments Ltd (CMI), was acquired by South American conglomerate Ecuadorian Company Limited (ECL). ECL then changed its name in 1974 to Norlin Musical Instruments (a contraction of NORton Stevens of ECL and Arnold BerLIN of CMI)
1969Mesa Engineering was founded by musician and electronics repair man, Randall Smith (1946‑) in Petaluma, California, USA. The company was famous for introducing Mesa/Boogie Mark and Dual Rectifier valve amplifiers
1969Morley was a brand established by Tel‑Ray Electronics Inc., founded by American brothers Raymond and Marvin Lubow in Los Angeles, California, USA to make guitar effect pedals. Uniquely, Morley used photoelectric circuits rather than potentiometers to control the company’s effects. Chicago‑based Sound Enhancements Inc. acquired Morley in 1989
1969Alembic Inc. was founded by American/Australian sound engineer Owsley Stanley (1935‑2011) in Novato, California, USA to build high‑end electric basses, guitars and preamps
1972Although he had been building valve amplifiers for several years, reclusive Howard ‘Alexander’ Dumble (1944‑2022), based in Bakersfield, California, USA released his legendary amp model, the Dumble Overdrive Special. All Dumble amps were hand‑made personally by Dumble, largely to special order. Only about 300 Dumble amps were made during his lifetime
1969Gibson produced their first low impedance electric guitars, the Les Paul Personal and Professional models. They would evolve into the better‑known Les Paul Recording model in 1971. Low impedance pickups were favoured by guitarist Les Paul for use in the recording studio
1969Pignose Amplifiers was founded by Richard Edlund and Wayne Kimbell in Chicago, Illinois, USA. The diminutive Pignose guitar amplifier was a portable battery‑powered unit, rated at 5W with a single 5″ speaker
1969American effect pedal manufacturer Electro‑Harmonix introduced its most famous product, the Big Muff Pi (π) fuzz pedal
1969Willie Nelson acquired ‘Trigger’, named after Roy Rogers’ horse. The iconic guitar was a Martin N‑20 nylon strung classical acoustic guitar purchased after his previous Baldwin guitar had been accidentally damaged
1970American writer and businessman, George Gruhn (1945‑) opened the Gruhn Guitars shop in Nashville, Tennessee, USA. Gruhn was co‑author of the industry reference, ‘Gruhn’s Guide to Vintage Guitars’ (1990, revised 1999)
1970The Randall Amplifier Company was founded by Don Randall (1917‑2008) in Irvine, California, USA. Randall had been a manager at Fender in the company’s early years and was notable for naming the Telecaster and Stratocaster guitars
1970C.F. Martin & Company introduced the budget Sigma brand guitar range made in Japan to compete with cheap foreign imports into the USA. Production was moved to South Korea in the 1980s. Sigma guitars were discontinued in 2007
1971Seth Lover designed the ‘Wide Range’ humbucker pickup for Fender, using unique CuNiFe (copper/nickel/iron) magnets. The ‘Wide Range’ pickups were used on the Telecaster Custom, Deluxe and Thinline, as well as the upmarket offset semi‑acoustic Starcaster
1971Larry DiMarzio (1948‑) founded DiMarzio Inc. (incorporated in 1975) in Staten Island, New York, USA to produce after‑market guitar pickups
1972The multinational Roland Corporation was founded by Ikutaro Kakehashi (1930‑2017) in Osaka, Japan. Roland manufactured electronic musical instruments, as well as musical hardware and software. Roland contributed significantly to the development of the MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface) standard for synchronising and controlling electronic instruments
1972Ovation introduced the Breadwinner 1251 electric guitar with ergonomic styling, innovative ‘lyracord’ finish, toroidal pickups and active electronics. The model was discontinued in 1979
1972MXR Innovations was founded in Rochester, New York, USA by Keith Barr and Terry Sherwood. The first effect pedals made were the MXR Dyna Comp, Phase 45, Phase 90 and Distortion+. The company closed down in 1984
1972The BOSS brand was formed as a separate division within the Roland Corporation to manufacture compact guitar and bass effect pedals
1972Musitronics Corporation (a.k.a. Mu‑Tron) was founded by former Guild employees, Mike Beigel and Aaron Newman in Rosemont, New Jersey, USA to manufacture effect pedals. The company ceased production in 1979
1972Godin Guitars was founded by Robert Godin in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Godin went on to become the largest guitar manufacturer in Canada
1972Fernandes Guitars was formed from its predecessor, Saito Musical Instruments, founded in 1969 in Niizo, Japan
1973Cort was founded by Jung‑gyu Park in partnership with American importer Jack Westheimer. Cort was based in Seoul, South Korea to mass produce guitars and basses. Production was expanded into Indonesia and China, making it one of the largest global guitar manufacturers. Cort manufactured guitars under its own name as well as for many other brands
1973Hamer Guitars was founded by Paul Hamer and Jol Dantzig in Wilmette, Illinois, USA. Hamer was widely regarded as one of the first ‘boutique’ guitar builders. Hamer is now part of Fender
1973Collings Guitars was founded by American luthier Bill Collings (1948‑2017) in Austin, Texas, USA to build high‑end acoustic, electric and archtop guitars as well as mandolins and ukuleles
1973Fylde Guitars was founded by English luthier Roger Bucknall (1950‑) in The Fylde, Lancashire, England to build handmade one-off custom acoustic guitars. Fylde relocated to Penrith, Cumbria, England in 1996
1973DOD Electronics was founded by David Oreste Di Francesco and John Johnson in Salt Lake City, Utah, USA to manufacture reliable low‑cost guitar and bass effect pedals. DOD and parent company DigiTech were acquired by Cort in 2022
1974Gibson’s newly renamed parent company, Norlin Musical Instruments, moved production of Gibson guitars from its traditional home in Kalamazoo, Michigan to Nashville, Tennessee, USA
1974Gibson introduced the Marauder solid body bolt‑on electric guitar with innovative pickups and electronics designed by musician and guitar pickup specialist, Bill Lawrence (1931‑2013). The related S‑1 was released in 1975
1974Music Man was founded by Forrest White and Tom Walker in partnership with Leo Fender, based in Fullerton, California, USA to make guitars, basses and amps. Music Man’s best known instrument was the Stingray Bass. Music Man was acquired by Ernie Ball in 1984
1974Travis Bean Guitars was founded by American luthier Travis Bean (1947‑2011) and business partner Gary Kramer in California, USA. The company was famous for its solid body guitars with through‑body aluminium necks. Travis Bean guitars were discontinued in 1979
1974Guitar manufacturer, B.C. Rich was founded by Bernardo Chavez Rico (1941‑1999) in Los Angeles, California, USA. Rico had been building guitars since 1969
1974The Charvel guitar company was founded by Wayne Charvel (1941‑2026) in Azusa, California, USA. Charvel is now owned by Fender
1974Gordon Smith Guitars was founded by Gordon Whitham and John Smith in Greater Manchester, England. Gordon Smith was acquired by Auden Guitars in 2015
1974After selling Kustom amps in 1972, Charles A. ‘Bud’ Ross founded ROSS effect pedals in Chanute, Kansas, USA. Early American ROSS pedals included the Compressor, Distortion and Phaser R1. Ross became defunct shortly after moving production to Taiwan in c.1980
1974Taylor Guitars was founded by American luthier and entrepreneur Bob Taylor (c.1954‑) and Kurt Listug in El Cajon, California, USA to make high‑quality acoustic and electro‑acoustic guitars
1974Lowden Guitars was founded by luthier, George Lowden (1952‑) in Bangor, County Down, Ireland to make premium acoustic guitars
1975The Harmony Guitar Co. ceased production. Stock was auctioned in 1977 and the brand name was sold off. The brand was resurrected by Singapore‑based Bandlab Technologies in 2018 and resumed making guitars in the USA
1975The ESP Company Ltd. was founded by Hisatake Shibuya (1937‑2024) in Tokyo, Japan to manufacture electric guitars and basses. ESP launched the budget LTD range in 1995
1975The Roland Corporation introduced the Jazz Chorus solid‑state combo guitar amplifier with a built‑in analogue Chorus effect. Models included the famous JC‑120, producing 120W into 2×12” speakers
1976The Santa Cruz Guitar Company was founded by Richard A. Hoover and investors in Santa Cruz, California, USA to make premium grade acoustic guitars
1976Dean Guitars was founded by American luthier Dean Zelinsky (1957‑) in Chicago, Illinois, USA to specialise making guitars favoured by heavy metal musicians. Dean Guitars and sister company Luna Guitars filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in the USA in mid‑2026 following legal action from Gibson
1976After leaving Travis Bean, Gary Kramer, with business partner Denis Barardi, founded Kramer Guitars with in Neptune, New Jersey, USA. Early Kramer guitars featured distinctive cast aluminium necks with wooden inserts. Kramer went bankrupt in 1989 and the brand name was subsequently acquired by Gibson in 1997
1976Music Man introduced the innovative solid body electric Stingray Bass alongside the Stingray guitar, both incorporating new humbucking pickups and ground‑breaking on‑board active electronics
1976Yamaha introduced the SG2000 solid body double cutaway electric guitar, designed in collaboration with Mexican/American guitarist, Carlos Santana. The SG2000 was effectively the first original‑design Japanese guitar to compete with the American Gibson Les Paul
1976Seymour Duncan was founded by Seymour W. Duncan (1951‑) and his wife Cathy Carter in Santa Barbara, California, USA to manufacture aftermarket guitar pickups
1976The innovative EBow (Electronic Bow) was introduced by Heet Sound at the NAMM Show in the USA. The battery‑powered hand held device used an electromagnetic field to induce string vibrations, creating a bowed string‑like effect
1976The Floyd Rose Locking Tremolo System (actually a vibrato) was designed by American musician and engineer, Floyd D. Rose (1948‑). The invention was granted a US patent in 1979
1976Schecter Guitar Research was founded by David Schecter in Van Nuys, California, USA initially to make guitar parts and then electric guitars from 1979. Schecter is now owned by Hisatake Shibuya who also owns ESP/LTD
1976TC Electronic was founded by Kim and John Rishøj in Denmark to produce a wide range of professional music audio equipment including guitar effect pedals and studio effects. TC Electronic is now owned by the holding company Music Tribe
1977Gibson introduced the innovative RD (Research & Development) series of guitars and basses featuring complex on‑board active electronics designed by synthesizer pioneer Robert Moog (1934‑2005) while he worked for Norlin. The RD line was discontinued in 1982
1977American guitarist Eddie Van Halen created his famous ‘Frankenstrat’ guitar made from a wide range of sources including Schecter, Fender, Floyd Rose, Gibson and others. The guitar, with its distinctive striped finish influenced subsequent ‘superstrat’ guitar designs. The EVH brand was formed in 2007 as a subsidiary of Fender to sell electric guitars and amps
1978EMG Inc. was founded by Rob Turner in Long Beach, California, USA, to manufacture innovative active guitar pickups. EMG is now based in Santa Rosa, California
1979Ibanez introduced the legendary TS‑808 Tube Screamer Overdrive Pro effect pedal, with its distinctive green enclosure and square footswitch. The iconic original model was superseded by the TS9 in 1981
1979Trace Elliot was founded by retailer Fred Friedlein in Romford, Essex, England to make bass amplifiers and speaker cabinets. Trace Elliott is now owned by Peavey Electronics
1979Steinberger was founded by Ned Steinberger (1948‑) in Brooklyn, New York, USA to make innovative headless guitars and basses. Gibson acquired Steinberger in 1987
1979Kahler International, Inc. introduced the Kahler Tremolo System (actually a vibrato), invented by Gary Kahler and Dave Storey in Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
1980G&L Musical Instruments was founded by George Fullerton (1923‑2009), Leo Fender and Dale Hyatt in Fullerton, California, USA to make electric guitars and basses. G&L were the initials of George and Leo. G&L ceased production in 2025 and Fender (the company) acquired the rights to the brand name
1980After leaving Charvel, American luthier Grover Jackson (1949‑) founded Jackson Guitars in Glendora, California, USA. Fender acquired both Jackson and Charvel from the Japanese Akai Musical Instruments Corporation in 2002
1980Vigier Guitars was founded by French luthier Patrice Vigier (1957‑) in Grigny, Essonne, France. Vigier is famous for its unique Excalibur Surfreter Supra Fretless Guitar
1981Baldwin Piano Company ceased production of Gretsch instruments. In 1985, Fred W. Gretsch, the original founder’s great grandson and nephew of Fred Gretsch Jr, acquired the Gretsch brand name and offshore production resumed in Japan in 1989
1981Fishman Transducers Inc. was founded by Larry Fishman (1948‑) in Andover, Massachusetts, USA to make pickups, primarily for acoustic guitars
1982Fender introduced the budget Bullet series of guitars and basses, designed by luthier John Page (1957‑), head of Fender’s R&D department. The Bullet series replaced Fender’s Musicmaster, Mustang and Bronco ‘student’ guitars
1982Fender resurrected the Squier brand for its lower‑priced models of Fender guitars and basses manufactured in the Far East
1982Warwick GmbH & Co. Music Equipment was founded by Hans‑Peter Wilfer (1946‑) in Erlangen, Bavaria, Germany to manufacture bass guitars
1983Fender introduced the innovative Fender Elite Stratocaster, Telecaster and Precision models featuring ‘noiseless’ pickups and active electronics
1983The not‑for‑profit Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Foundation was established. The organisation began inducting artists in 1986. The physical Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum building subsequently opened in 1995
1983While Gibson had produced one‑off and custom guitars since the 1920s, Gibson introduced its Custom Shop facility within its main Nashville factory. Gibson formally created a separate Custom Shop facility in 1993
1984Hughes & Kettner was founded by Hans and Lothar Stamer in Neunkirchen, Germany to build high gain valve amplifiers and, latterly, solid state amps
1984Jackson introduced the archetype for heavy metal ‘superstrat’ guitars, the Jackson Soloist, generally based on a modified Fender Stratocaster design. The Soloist was originally designed by American luthier Grover Jackson while he was at Charvel
1984Tom Anderson Guitarworks was founded by American luthier Tom Anderson in Newbury Park, California, USA to make high‑end electric guitars
1984Faltering American guitar, bass and amp manufacturer, Music Man was acquired by Ernie Ball Inc. and renamed Ernie Ball Music Man (EBMM)
1985CBS sold Fender to an investor group led by William Schultz (then president of Fender) for $12.5m. Fender’s Fullerton factory was not part of the sale, so Fender had to open a new flagship factory a few miles away in Corona, Riverside County, California, USA
1985Paul Reed Smith Guitars (shortened to PRS) was founded by American luthier Paul Reed Smith (1956‑) in Annapolis, Maryland, USA. PRS guitars were strategically positioned between Fender and Gibson instruments
1985Heritage Guitar Inc. was founded by three former Gibson employees in Gibson’s original manufacturing facilities in Kalamazoo, Michigan, USA
1986Soldano Custom Amplification was founded by American Michael Soldano (1960‑) in Los Angeles, California, USA to build high gain valve amplifiers. Soldano is now based in Seattle, Washington State
1986To save the company from bankruptcy, Gibson was sold to guitar enthusiasts Henry Juszkiewicz and David Berryman. Juszkiewicz ran Gibson until 2018
1987Fender opened a major manufacturing facility south of the US border in Ensenada, Mexico. Mexican Fender guitars and basses were strategically positioned between the Far Eastern Squier and Made‑in‑USA Fender models
1987The Fender Custom Shop was established as a division within the company’s Corona factory by ‘master builders’, guitar designer John Page and luthier Michael Stevens to make high‑end one‑off and special order guitars
1987Ibanez introduced the Jem solid body electric guitar, typical of the heavy metal ‘superstrat’ style of guitars that were popular in the 1980s. The Jem was co‑designed with American virtuoso guitarist Steve Vai (1960‑) and included artist signature models. Jem guitars featured the distinctive ‘Monkey Grip’ cut‑out handle on the bass side of the body
1987G&L Musical Instruments introduced the Stratocaster‑like Comanche guitar model with three innovative Magnetic Field Design Z‑Coil pickups. The Comanche represented a significant evolution of Leo Fender’s original Stratocaster
1989National Reso‑Phonic was formed by Don Young and McGregor Gaines in San Luis Obispo, California, USA to build high quality resonator guitars based on original National and Dobro instruments
1989Bogner Amplification was founded by German immigrant Reinhold Bogner in Los Angeles, California, USA to make high‑end boutique valve amplifiers
1990Yamaha introduced its Pacifica range of solid body electric guitars generally styled on the Fender Stratocaster. The hugely successful Pacifica range was designed in the USA by Rich Lasner and Leo Knapp
1990PRS started using CNC (Computer Numerical Control) machines to increase production volumes and improve consistency standards. In the same year, Taylor became the first major company to use CNC machines as part of its acoustic guitar production
1992AER (Audio Electric Research) Music GmbH was founded by Udo Rösner, Michael Eisenmann and Susanne Janz in Velbert, Germany to manufacture high quality professional acoustic guitar amplifiers
1992Breedlove Guitars was founded by Larry Breedlove and Steve Henderson in Bend, Oregon, USA to manufacture high quality acoustic guitars, combining traditional and modern construction techniques
1991Fender Musical Instruments Corporation (FMIC) moved its headquarters from Corona, California to Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
1991Industry legend, Leo Fender died of complications from Parkinson’s disease in Fullerton, California, USA at the age of 81
1991DigiTech introduced the innovative Whammy WH‑1 effect pedal that used a foot treadle to manipulate the pitch of a guitar signal
1992Mesa Engineering introduced the classic Mesa/Boogie Dual Rectifier high gain valve amplifier. The Dual Rectifier has become a definitive milestone in heavy rock music
1993Parker Guitars was founded by American luthier Ken Parker (1952‑2025) with input from pickup pioneer Larry Fishman, based in Chicago, Illinois to manufacture the unique Parker Fly guitars. In 2003, Parker sold the company to the US Music Corporation. Parker ceased production in 2016
1993The German PLEK was introduced by A+D Gitarrentechnologie GmbH. PLEK was a specialised CNC machine used to setup guitars and basses to consistent and exacting standards
1994Reclusive boutique effect pedal builder, Bill Finnegan, from Boston, Massachusetts, USA launched the legendary Klon Centaur guitar overdrive effect pedal. The original model was discontinued in 2008. In 2026, Finnegan took legal action against Behringer for copyright infringement involving the latter’s cloning of the original Klon design
1994Paul Reed Smith introduced the PRS McCarty guitar model in recognition of the former Gibson and Bigsby president who had mentored luthier Paul Reed Smith in later years
1995Fender exhibited the first relic guitars at the NAMM Show. The divisive and controversial concept of using ‘relic’ processes was intended to reproduce, the appearance of ageing and play wear. The faking method had been in development since 1989 and continues to be popular to the current day
1995The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum, designed by Chinese/American architect Ieoh Ming Pei (1917‑2019), based in Cleveland, Ohio, USA, opened its doors to the public
1996American guitarist, luthier and inventor Howard ‘Buzz’ Feiten II (1948‑) filed a US patent for the Buzz Feiten Tuning System (BFTS). The system was a means of minimising inherent tuning problems associated with traditional fretted guitars. The patent was granted in 1998
1996Paul Reed Smith moved PRS manufacturing from Annapolis to a new, larger factory in Stevensville, Kent Island, Chesapeake Bay, Maryland, USA
1996Line 6 was founded by Susan Wolf, Marcus Ryle and Michel Doidic in Calabasas, California, USA to pioneer digital guitar amplifier, speaker cabinet and effect modelling. Line 6 was acquired by Yamaha in 2013
1997Ashdown Engineering was founded by Mark Gooday in Heybridge, Essex, England, formerly chief engineer and MD of Trace Elliott, to build amplifiers, speaker cabinets and effects
1997Gibson Music Corp. acquired the bankrupt Kramer brand that had gone out of business in 1989. Modern Kramer guitars are now built by Gibson subsidiary, Epiphone
1997Suhr Guitars was founded by luthier John Suhr and Steve Smith after Suhr left his job as Senior Master Builder at the Fender Custom Shop. Suhr Guitars, based in Lake Elsinore, California, USA set out to make premium quality electric guitars
1998Line 6 introduced their breakthrough product, the POD guitar amp modeller famed for its red, kidney bean‑shaped unit, which featured numerous digital renditions of classic amplifier models, speaker cabinets and effects
1998C.F. Martin & Company introduced the X‑Series DXM acoustic guitars, manufactured in Mexico and making extensive use of composite materials rather than traditional tone woods
1999Gretsch expanded production with affordable Electromatic and Synchromatic guitars manufactured in Korea. A limited number of premium ‘made‑in‑USA custom shop’ guitars were made available to wealthy musicians and collectors. Gretsch Enterprises acquired Bigsby from Ted McCarty in the same year
1999Taylor Guitars developed and patented the innovative NT (New Technology) neck joint for the company’s acoustic guitars
2000The Experience Music Project (EMP) was established by Microsoft co‑founder, Paul Allen (1953‑2018) in Seattle, Washington, USA to celebrate musical culture and history. It was renamed the Museum of Pop Culture (MOPOP) in 2016 when it broadened its appeal to include science fiction and fantasy
2001Paul Reed Smith introduced the PRS Single Cut guitar model intended to compete head‑to‑head with the Gibson Les Paul
2001Ted McCarty, former Gibson president, owner of Bigsby and mentor to luthier Paul Reed Smith died in Twin Falls, Idaho at the age of 91
2001Keeley Electronics was formed by Robert Keeley in Edmond, Oklahoma, USA to build guitar effect pedals. Keeley had built a strong reputation for modifying BOSS and Ibanez effect pedals before developing effects under his own name
2002Fender entered into an agreement with the Gretsch family to produce, market and distribute new Gretsch guitars. Fender also acquired guitar manufacturer Jackson and its subsidiary guitar brand Charvel in the same year
2005Gibson Music Corp. started a copyright infringement law suit against Paul Reed Smith over the PRS Single Cut guitar model. The litigation failed and PRS subsequently reintroduced the Single Cut guitar
2006Fender introduced the Jaguar Bass guitar. It represented a new take on an old design, as there was no ‘original’ Jaguar Bass to reissue
2006Fractal Audio Systems was founded by Cliff Chase in New Hampshire, USA to pioneer high‑end digital guitar amplifier modelling. Fractal introduced the digital Axe‑Fx rack‑mounted modelling pre‑amp and effects processor targeted directly at professional working musicians
2007Fender Musical Instruments Corporation acquired Ovation’s parent company, Kaman Music Corporation (KMC), as well as the Hamer Guitars brand. Fender also secured global distribution rights for Takamine Guitars and established the EVH (Eddie Van Halen) guitar and amp brand in the same year
2007Gibson introduced the innovative but divisive Robot Guitar automatic tuning system, displeasing many concerned traditionalists and conservatives
2007C.F. Martin & Company discontinued the Far Eastern‑built Sigma Guitar line to focus its resources on the main American acoustic guitar brand
2007JHS Pedals, a range of successful guitar effect pedals, was launched by British manufacturer and retailer John Hornby Skewes
2007Blackstar Amplification was founded by former Marshall employees Ian Robinson and Bruce Keir in Northampton, England to build amplifiers and effects
2009Legendary American jazz guitarist, songwriter, luthier, inventor and Gibson endorsee, Les Paul died of complications from pneumonia in White Plains, New York, at the age of 94
2010The Cumberland River overflowed its banks and caused the Nashville Flood, which resulted in significant damage to Gibson’s manufacturing facility and inventory in Nashville, Tennessee, USA
2011German company Kemper GmbH debuted the Kemper Profiler digital processor/amplifier at the NAMM Show, designed by inventor Christoph Kemper to recreate faithfully the sounds of numerous classic amps and speaker cabinets
2011Gibson’s guitar manufacturing facilities were raided numerous times by the US Department of Justice (DoJ) after alleged violations of the Lacey Act (1900) for the illegal importation of protected woods into the country
2012Industry legend, Jim Marshall OBE, the pioneer of British Marshall guitar amplifiers, died in Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire, England, at the age of 88
2013The international online marketplace for selling and buying musical equipment, Reverb.com was founded by David Kalt (1967‑) in Chicago, Illinois, USA
2013Line 6 digital amp and effects modelling company was acquired by the giant Japanese Yamaha Corporation
2014Fender sold Kaman Music Corporation (and its main brand, Ovation) to Drum Workshop. German company GEWA Music acquired KMC in 2020
2017Line 6, famous for its POD products, introduced the innovative next‑generation Helix amp modelling and effects processor
2018The Songbirds Guitar Museum opened in Chattanooga, Tennessee, USA. It was re‑opened in 2021 as a non‑profit organisation and was renamed the Songbirds Guitar & Pop Culture Museum
2018Taylor Guitars introduced the innovative V‑Class bracing for the sound boards of its acoustic guitars. V‑Class bracing was perhaps the first major change to acoustic guitar construction in a century
2018After ongoing financial difficulties, Gibson filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection in the US. Gibson entered into a ‘restructuring support agreement’ with lenders, resulting in $135m of funding for Gibson to re‑focus on its core businesses. Henry Juszkiewicz stood down from his role as Gibson’s president
2019Fender Musical Instruments Corporation acquired the Bigsby brand from Fred Gretsch Enterprises
2019Gibson filed a multi‑million dollar lawsuit in the US against Dean and Luna Guitars for alleged trademark infringement, ultimately forcing the targeted companies into liquidation in 2026
2021Gibson Music Corp. acquired amplifier manufacturer, Mesa Engineering from Mesa’s founder Randall Smith
2023  Yamaha Guitar Group, a subsidiary of the giant Japanese conglomerate, Yamaha Corporation acquired Córdoba Music Group (CMG), which included Cordoba Guitars, Guild Guitars, DeArmond pickups and other related brands
2024Gibson issued a Cease and Desist Order for trademark infringement against the US President and Donald Trump Guitars for their blatant copies of the Gibson Les Paul
2024After 100 years in business, major American guitar retailer Sam Ash filed for bankruptcy in the USA resulting in the closure of all its retail stores. The company continued as an online retailer
2025Leo Fender’s final commercial venture, the American guitar manufacturer G&L, founded in 1980, ceased production after parent company BBE Sound Inc. closed. Fender acquired the intellectual property rights of both G&L and BBE but none of the assets or inventory, effectively winding up G&L
2025Fender Musical Instruments Corporation applied to the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) for Leo Fender’s name and his likeness to be formally trademarked by the company
2025German manufacturer of musical instruments since 1887, Höfner GmbH filed for bankruptcy. In 2026, the company was acquired by long‑standing German business, GEWA Music, which had also owned Ovation since 2014
2026Following a German legal court’s decision in its favour, Fender launched a series of aggressive legal campaigns against competitors for copyright infringement, trademark enforcement and legal protection regarding Fender’s Stratocaster guitar body design

For those who prefer a purely visual interpretation of guitars as a counterpoint to either the infographic or the linear listing, here is a purely pictorial illustration of 16 key milestones in guitar evolution from 1960 to 2026.

“I’m only myself when I have a guitar in my hands” – George Harrison (1943‑2001)


Influence and Impact of the Guitar

Understanding how guitar innovation, evolution and development occurred over the last 5,000+ years helps one to appreciate the vast impact of the guitar and its numerous variants/derivatives on mankind. While its roots may lie in local folklore, peripatetic storytelling and religious rituals, often performed by itinerant performers, the guitar has risen from humble origins to achieve global contemporary significance for its primary role in creative music. As its influence spread globally, the guitar became a regular cultural symbol of regional and national identity, for instance European classical, Spanish flamenco, Mexican mariachi, Argentinian tango, Brazilian Bossa Nova/Samba, American folk and British pop/rock.

“I’ve always loved the electric guitar: to hold it and work it and hear what it does is unreal” – David Lynch (1946‑2025)

The guitar has long been associated with shifts in societal, economic, technological and political paradigms, reflecting change through popular entertainment, youthful rebellion, societal commentary, fierce protest and an abundance of emotional stories about interpersonal relationships. Musical genres reflected these shifts in the zeitgeist including rock & roll, folk revival, heavy metal, punk rock, new wave, grunge, indie, among many others.

Guitar music has long resonated with people’s basic need for individual identity and collective cohesion. It has become an integral part of ever‑changing fashionable trends for adolescence angst, liberal freedoms and conscious social justice. During the 20th Century, guitar music supported civilian lives through tough economic depressions, two deadly (and unnecessary) world wars, lethal health pandemics, rapid expansion of scientific exploration, the geopolitical cold war and a multitude of other challenges to humanity’s very existence. It looks like the 21st Century may be re‑running the turmoil of the previous 100 years without learning much along the way.

The guitar has been ever‑present, heavily influencing the post‑classical ‘three pillars’ underpinning western contemporary music, blues, jazz and country, from which today’s diverse genre landscape was actively propagated. The guitar is a consistent and pervasive image not only in music but also familiar in art, TV & film, theatre, live performance, literature, advertising and popular media, as well as more recently across the Internet.

“The guitar saved my life. It gave me something to hold onto when everything else was falling apart” – Eric Clapton (1945‑)

The electric guitar sparked an unprecedented revolution in musical genres in the 1960s and 1970s, creating world famous role models such as Jimi Hendrix, Eric Clapton, Jimmy Page, Jeff Beck and Eddie Van Halen, among many others. An explosion of creativity led to consumers’ relentless passion for new musical experiences. Guitar music in the 21st Century continues to evoke intense memories and sentiments seamlessly spanning generations and geographical boundaries. The instrument has genuinely become an emblem for the positive power of music that goes way beyond the modest twelve notes that underpin western musical tradition.

“I never stop being amazed by all the different ways of playing the guitar and making it deliver a message” – Les Paul (1915‑2009)

For many musicians, playing the guitar provides educational opportunities, skills development, cathartic mindful escapism and supports affirmative mental health & wellbeing. The industry supports a global multi‑billion dollar contribution to many economies. For many working musicians, guitar playing provides a lifelong profession and income. For a few, global fame and celebrity were attained and occasionally perpetuated. For others, guitar playing provided brief popular exposure followed by subsequent anonymity. For some, sadly, the fire of fame flamed bright only to lead to tragic ends. Playing the guitar becomes an extension of the individual, providing a symbolic gateway for musical expression, emotional release and creative freedom. For audiences, attending live performances is an important collective experience. We should also recognise that playing a guitar is also tremendous fun, regardless of technical skill, a joyful (and sometimes frustrating) activity that cannot be underestimated. The guitar has been notable for not requiring musical technical literacy as a prerequisite for creating credible music.

Over the centuries, the guitar has transcended its basic function as just a humble 6‑stringed musical instrument. It has become an icon of singular and shared identity, fashion, lifestyle, artistic inspiration and profound communal unanimity. The guitar’s global reach, accessibility, portability, popularity, adaptability and broad‑ranging versatility have made it a unifying foundation of human mien. Guitars can also be beautiful objects in their own right. The resulting obsession brings together a like‑minded community of interest as well as a community of place. Guitar music provides a universal language that anyone can understand regardless of race, religion, political stance, gender, language or nationality. The humble guitar has contributed to infinitely diverse musical genres, enough to cater for any taste.

It is no understatement to say that the guitar has become deeply embedded in human cultural heritage spanning both time and place. It is perhaps no surprise that the guitar has become so beloved with an enviable primacy and longevity.

“I had no aspirations to be a musician, but I picked up a guitar for two seconds and haven’t put it down since” – Slash (1965‑)


Final Thoughts on ‘A Timeline of Guitar History in 400+ Snippets: Parts I‑III’

I have to say that this exercise, as a necessary companion piece to ‘An A‑Z of Vintage Guitar Gear’, became a mammoth search, identification, compilation, corroboration and consistency‑checking exercise that took many weeks in the making. I declare that I actually learned a lot during the arduous process, so it was far more than simply completing a laborious abstract administrative activity.

There are some entries in the ‘A‑Z…’ that aren’t included in the timeline and vice versa. The eventual web site feature page of the timeline will unite all three parts. It will also include some items that aren’t in the articles (including some key entries that arguably should have been included above). Likewise the infographics and pictorial interpretations will also differ. All these differences are purely for practical reasons.

There are undoubtedly a lot of familiar names that readers might remember that aren’t specifically listed including, Akai, Analog Man, Bad Cat, Behringer, Binson, Chapman Stick, Columbus, CSL, Echoplex, Eko, Fret‑King, Greco, Gus, Jen, JHS, Kawai, Korg, Leslie, Magnatone, Mayones, Orville, Pro Co, Roger Mayer, Shin‑ei, Vintage®, Wilkinson, etc. Ultimately, not everything could make the cut or I’d be doing this forever. There were literally hundreds and thousands of potential entries to consider. When selecting what made the grade, some were easy, others vague, some were borderline, others arbitrary and many, many had to be excluded. A simple fact of life. What remains, I hope, are entries that represent a significant contribution the whole.

“When we started I wasn’t the singer. I was the drunk rhythm guitarist who wrote all these weird songs” – Robert Smith (1959‑)

The outcome of this project may not seem that difficult to the reader but, believe me, it took some doing. However, I think it has proved to be a very useful exercise and hopefully one that others will find both interesting and informative. While I am sure that a lot of it will be familiar, I hope that there is something new herein for people to discover. Quite a bit of the information is relevant to the topic of vintage guitar gear.

One factor that became obvious to me is the ‘incestuous’ nature of the guitar industry. Many of the key people and businesses operated within relatively small circles on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean. The same names kept coming up over and over again in different permutations. Perhaps that interconnected and interdependent web of entities isn’t surprising and is possibly not an uncommon in other industries. Just sayin’.

One of the things ‘missing’ from this entire timeline is a record of the social and cultural context within which the guitar’s advancement occurred. Adding the wider milieu would have made this article far too large and way too heavy‑going. It doesn’t mean that I haven’t covered the ‘bigger picture’, though. The broader world view covering the ‘Historical Context 1650-2020’ was an integral part of CRAVE Guitars’ fourteen part, ‘The Story of Modern Music in 1,500+ Facts’ articles published between March 2019 and May 2020 (barring December 2019). That series of articles presented the broad social and cultural environment that paralleled the evolution of music over the same period. ‘The Story of Modern Music’ was considered too tangential to justify a discrete web site feature. As a result these ‘events in global civilisation’ are too ultra vires to be published separately, so the only relevant source at the time of writing remains in the articles mentioned above. Sadly, that series of articles also had to have images sourced from Google Images removed post facto due to legal, pecuniary and credibility risk.

“I don’t find the songs; they find me. I just strum my guitar and wait for a lyric to come” – James Taylor (1948‑)

While this exercise is not a rigorous academic work, maybe others will be able to use it as a valuable resource to share forward. After all, while this timeline is entirely a result of my own hard work, I had to extract the relevant information from sources that were already in existence (including CRAVE Guitars’ own), I cannot therefore claim full ownership of anything herein. A huge thank you to all those who preceded me and who helped to make these articles possible. Mucho gracias.

As previously mentioned, there will inevitably be errors and omissions. However, I hope these should be relatively minor and therefore forgivable. I also don’t claim it to be comprehensive – the proverbial ‘tip of the iceberg’ and all that. Maybe it can be a starting point for others to expand upon. After all, as the nine part ‘Potted History of the Guitar…’ showed, there is a much bigger story behind each of the 400+ entries in the ‘Timeline…’ as well as the 150 entries in the ‘A‑Z…’. In total, there is way more than enough to keep one going for one lifetime spent down the metaphorical rabbit hole. Sadly, there is no miraculous Wonderland at the end of said bunny pit!

Lastly, I know that I bang on endlessly about not using AI for my research and writing. I remain agnostic about AI as it is in 2026. So… just out of curiosity, this seemed an ideal opportunity to test AI’s abilities against solid human research methodology. I asked AI to find me information that I knew for a fact already. On the majority of enquiries, AI FAILED completely to provide accurate information. However, on every occasion AI did produce a result, even if it was incorrect. This is very worrying because wrong information is worse than no information. There is nothing wrong in saying “I don’t know”, especially if there is no definitive source information available. Not good. This doesn’t bother me because I try very hard to be diligent and I know the relevance of the information I was seeking, so it was relatively easy to spot the errors. What bothers me more is that other, less meticulous data consumers, will undoubtedly not only accept erroneous information without thinking critically and checking validity, but also that they will then promulgate those falsities to such an extent that it ultimately appears to become ‘the truth’. That, I believe, is a very serious issue and a significant case of metaphorical caveat emptor. Be careful about what you read and cautious about what you believe, even here.

“Technically, I’m not a guitar player, all I play is truth and emotion” – Jimi Hendrix (1942‑1970)


CRAVE Guitars’ ‘Album of the Month’

In Part I, I applauded Spanish classical guitarist, Andrés Segovia. In Part II, I celebrated delta blues guitarist, Robert Johnson. So Part III deserves a guitarist with an equally prominent reputation. This time, though, the featured album isn’t a compilation. Of all the guitar players in all the world since the dawn of rock & roll, one stands head and shoulders above all others. While I am not one to put anyone on a pedestal, this one guitarist has been repeatedly acknowledged for his remarkable influence on contemporary music. For once, perhaps surprisingly, I’m going to go with the flow. Drum roll please… this month’s accolade goes to…

The Jimi Hendrix Experience – Are You Experienced (1967): ‘Are You Experienced’ was the debut studio album by the The Jimi Hendrix Experience. The album was released in May 1967 on Polydor in the UK and in August 1967 on Reprise Records in the US. The album’s track list was largely different for the UK and US markets. Despite different track listings, both original albums comprised 11 tracks covering around 39 minutes. More recent re‑releases have combined the tracks (usually totalling 17), including many famous tracks such as Foxy Lady, Manic Depression, Red House, 3rd Stone From The Sun, Are You Experienced, Purple Haze, Hey Joe and The Wind Cries Mary.

‘Are You Experienced’ (why does the title not end with a question mark?) has been widely recognised as one of the greatest debut rock studio albums of all time. It was also commercially successful, selling over one million copies in the few months following its release. Whether you like or dislike Jimi Hendrix and whatever you think of this album, there is no doubt that it was a ground‑breaking milestone in rock music history. The Experience comprised the classic line up of Jimi Hendrix on guitar and vocals, Noel Redding on bass and Mitch Mitchell on drums. This album’s status is matched only by its equally prestigious follow‑up, ‘Electric Ladyland’ (1968).

A bit of trivia; Jimi Hendrix apparently didn’t like the UK album cover of ‘Are You Experienced’. The alternative cover art used by Reprise Records for the American market is more psychedelic, more Jimi and more ‘1960s’. For what it’s worth, I agree with Jimi. The UK cover could be from any period, unlike the US version.

Jimi Hendrix (1942‑1970) released only three studio albums, one live album and one compilation album during his lifetime, which together defined his status as an all‑time guitar hero for many. Everything that has been released since Hendrix’s death has further cemented his reputation. As with legendary American delta blues guitarist Robert Johnson who occupied this slot in the last article, Hendrix died in mysterious circumstances at the age of 27, thereby becoming another unfortunate inductee into the infamous ’27 club’. Other peer members from the same period include Janis Joplin and Jim Morrison. Hendrix has become one of the most inventive, celebrated and influential electric guitarists of all time. Arguably, without James Marshall Hendrix (NB. actually born Johnny Allen Hendrix), we wouldn’t have much of the diverse and wonderful guitar music we enjoy today.

BELIEVE IN MUSIC!

“I’m the one that’s got to die when it’s time for me to die, so let me live my life the way I want to” – Jimi Hendrix (1942‑1970)


Tailpiece

Well, this three‑part epic extravaganza is pretty thorough, if I say so myself. A good job done, even if it is not 100% perfect. Sometimes, good enough is, well, good enough. I hope that the time travelling trip from 3500BCE to 2026CE has proved worthwhile and, perhaps, ephemerally entertaining.

Changing a 2‑part series into a 3‑part series has meant a re‑organisation of the forward plan of CRAVE Guitars article topics. The November article was intended to be significantly lighter in tone but that particular tome has now had to be cancelled, rather than just postponed. Please come back and join me for a new CVG adventure next month, whatever it might be.

As we are at the end of October, it may be apt to celebrate Allhallowtide (NB. deriving from at least the 15th Century and stemming from earlier religious origins) comprising All Hallow’s Eve, All Saint’s Day and All Soul’s Day from 31 October to 2 November inclusive. The Halloween that many of us are most familiar with in many western countries (corresponding to All Hallow’s Eve) has become a largely secular tradition based in pagan origins including the Celtic festival of Samhain. The season also celebrates the Mexican Día de los Muertos (Day of the Dead), which is celebrated annually on 1and 2 November. Shpooky. Disfruta y adiós por ahora, compadres.

“When the power of love overcomes the love of power, the world will know peace” – Jimi Hendrix (1942‑1970)

Finally, as Warner Brothers’ closing caption for Looney Tunes’ animations in the early 1930s (NB. credited to Hugh Harman and Rudolf Ising) stated, “That’s All Folks!” A suitable sign‑off for this ambitious temporal performance, methinks. If you got this far, thank you for joining me along the way and patiently bearing with me throughout.

Truth, peace, love, and guitar music be with you always. The CRAVEman, signing off for now. Until next time…

CRAVE Guitars’ ‘Quote of the Month’: “Everything. Ends. Eventually”

© 2026 CRAVE Guitars – Love Vintage Guitars.


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September 2026 – A Timeline of Guitar History in 400+ Snippets: Part II

Prelude

SCOOBY‑DOOBY‑DOO, WHERE ARE YOU? Time to break out the Scooby Snacks, Shaggy.Yup. It is time for another CRAVE Guitars’ grand tour. I trust that all is well with you and yours wherever you are and whatever you’re doing. A warm early autumn greeting from CRAVE Guitars. This year has passed very rapidly. Time flies (N.B. From the Latin, ‘tempus fugit’, literally meaning, ‘time flees’. Roman Poet Virgil (70‑19BCE) used it in his epic poem, ‘Georgics’ (29BCE)). Come on people, admit it, you don’t get popular culture (Scooby Doo) and Roman classical literature (Virgil) used in a single paragraph very often. Come with me. You have entered into the weird and wonderful alternate dimension of CVG, a.k.a. CRAVE Vintage Guitars.

“You don’t play a guitar with your fingers, you play it with your heart” – Carlos Santana (1947‑)


This Month at CRAVE Guitars…

Previously on… (NB. A ‘recap’ is commonly used by TV series at the start of a programme to review key moments from one or more previous episodes and to set up the episode being watched. Recaps are often complemented by a ‘next time on…’ sequence at the end of a programme. The first documented use of the ‘recap’ was the American ABC TV series, ‘The Life and Legend of Wyatt Earp’ (1955‑1961)). I digress. Again. Now, where was I? Oh yes. Previously on…

Last month, I set out the first part of a guitar history timeline from ancient times (c.3500BCE) to the end of the 19th Century (1899). The main exposition to the subject matter was also set out last month, so there is little point in reiterating it here, as what was said then applies equally to this article. Follow the link below to view/review the preceding article should you so desire (opens a new browser tab)…

August 2026 – A Timeline of Guitar History in 400+ Snippets: Part I

“Guitars – what more can I say? They rule!!!” – Zakk Wylde (1967‑)

I should mention at this point that the timeline originally comprised 400 entries. Between the first and second parts being published, this had increased to 400+ after further intensive research. A lot more had to be ditched to keep it close to the original plan. The articles’ title now read “A Timeline of Guitar History in 400+ Snippets”.

Also, Part II was originally intended to be the concluding article covering the last 125 years. However, given the size and density of the project, as well as the fact that the 20th Century in particular was an incredibly eventful period in guitar history, the decision was taken to split the entries into two roughly equal parts. Ultimately, now, the three parts together will represent a continuous piece of work, broken down for easier accessibility.

As with Part I, no AI was used in researching and writing this article; it is the result of authentic analogue biological processes. Quotes continue the theme from last month of insights into the guitar. Only a tiny smattering of images again this month.

“To stand up on a stage alone with an acoustic guitar requires bravery bordering on heroism. Bordering on insanity” – Richard Thompson (1949‑)


The Rationale for the Article

Easy one this. As you might expect, Part II is a direct continuation of the previous article and Part III will follow on next month, so no further justification is necessary.

Up to the end of the 19th Century, classical and folk music were predominant, largely determined by one’s place in the social hierarchy we call the class system. The dawn of the 20th Century saw musical genres transformed beyond all recognition, reflecting significant shifts in modern civilisation taking place globally. Democratisation of music opened up much broader access for ordinary people to experience the new musical trends emerging from the grass roots of society.

“I believe every guitar player inherently has something unique about their playing. They just have to identify what makes them different and develop it” – Jimmy Page (1944‑)

New musical genres enabled the guitar to transition from just an accompanying acoustic instrument to become central as a lead instrument, especially with the introduction of resonator and then electric guitars. The instrument became prevalent across most, if not all, modern musical forms, becoming the world’s favourite instrument in the process.

For many readers, this more contemporary period will be of more topical interest. I hope so. If you’ve read this far, I don’t want to lose you now.

“I don’t know of a guitar player that has only one guitar. They’re never happy with one. I’m never happy with just one of them. I woke up and ended up with six, even if you can only play one at a time!” – Les Paul (1915 2009)


A Timeline of Guitar History: Part II – 1900‑1959

So, without any further ado, let’s delve straight into the timeline covering the first chunk of the 20th Century with the next 150 entries. As with the last article, for those with an attention deficit, the infographic below provides a significantly abbreviated alternative version.

1902Five businessmen backed Orville H. Gibson to form the Gibson Mandolin‑Guitar Mfg. Co. Ltd. in Kalamazoo, Michigan, USA. The new company introduced its first archtop guitar, the L‑1 model. In 1926, the L‑1 name was re‑used as a flat top acoustic guitar
1902C.F. Martin & Co. introduced the ‘OOO’ (Auditorium) model, a small‑bodied flat top acoustic guitar with a slightly shorter 24.9″ scale length (rather than Martin’s usual 25.4″ scale)
1903Luthier Anastasios Stathopoulo and his family emigrated from Izmir in Turkey to settle in Long Island City, Queens, New York City, USA where they established a musical instrument business
1904Chicago‑based harp manufacturer, Lyon & Healy acquired the Regal Musical Instrument Manufacturing Company
1906Stromberg Guitars was founded by Swedish immigrant Charles A. Stromberg (1881‑1956) making banjos and mandolins in Boston, Massachusetts, USA
1907Anastasios Stathopoulo opened a shop in New York City making banjos and mandolins. The shop was called the ‘House of Stathopoulo’
1908American luthier Chris Knutsen (1862‑1930), born Johan Christian Kammen in Norway, known for his harp guitars between 1895 and 1906, started making Hawaiian steel guitars in Seattle, Washington, USA. Knutsen relocated to Los Angeles, California in 1914 and began to make harp ukuleles as well as Hawaiian guitars to meet popular demand
1909Anastasios Stathopoulo filed his only US patent for a bowl back mandolin musical instrument. The patent was granted the same year
1909Clarence Leonidas ‘Leo’ Fender (1909‑1991) was born in Anaheim, California, USA. He would become one of the industry’s greatest pioneers and a hugely influential figure
1915Anastasios Stathopoulo died and his son, Epaminondas (‘Epi’), took over at the company that would later become Epiphone in 1928
1915American department store and mail order giant Sears, Roebuck and Company introduced the Silvertone brand, used by the company until 1972. Silvertone guitars, basses and amps were manufactured for Sears by Harmony, Danelectro, Valco, Kay and Teisco
1915Lester William Polsfuss (1915‑2009), a.k.a. Les Paul, American jazz, country, and blues guitarist, songwriter, luthier and inventor was born in Waukesha, Wisconsin, USA
1916Fred Gretsch Jr. relocated Gretsch to a spacious 10‑story building in Williamsburg, Brooklyn, New York City, USA
1916Sears, Roebuck and Company acquired the Harmony Company to supply ukuleles and guitars for their retail and mail order business
1916C.F. Martin began building guitars for Oliver Ditson Co. of Boston, Massachusetts and New York, USA, including the first ‘dreadnought’ acoustic guitar named after the British Royal Navy ship, HMS Dreadnought. Martin wouldn’t use their own name on a dreadnought guitar until 1931
1917The first jazz track was recorded – ‘Dixie Jass Band One‑Step’ by the Original Dixieland Jass Band (ODJB) for the Victor Talking Machine Company
1918Orville H. Gibson died of chronic endocarditis (a form of heart disease) in New York, at the age of 62
1920Chicago Musical Instrument Company (CMI) was founded by Russian immigrant Maurice Henry Berlin (1895-1984), based in Chicago, Illinois, USA making guitars, brass instruments and electronic organs. CMI would later acquire Gibson Guitars in 1944
1920The first blues vocal track was recorded in New York City by an African American singer Mamie Smith (1891‑1946) – ‘Crazy Blues’ for OKeh Records
1921Stromberg‑Voisinet was formed by Henry ‘Kay’ Kuhrmeyer (1894‑1956), Charles G. Stromberg (1873‑1960) and Frank C. Voisinet (1876‑1937) in Chicago, Illinois, USA to build mandolins and guitars. The company would be renamed Kay in 1931
1921American designer and sound engineer, Lloyd Loar (1886‑1943) started working for Gibson Mandolin‑Guitar Mfg. Co. Ltd. Loar helped to design and refine the Gibson carved archtop mandolins and guitars with the aim of increasing flagging sales
1921Gibson employee and engineer Thaddeus ‘Ted’ McHugh (1859‑1945) was credited with inventing the adjustable truss rod. A US patent was filed in 1921 and granted in 1923. McHugh also designed the height‑adjustable bridge
1922Gibson introduced the Lloyd Loar‑designed L5 acoustic archtop jazz guitar, one of the first guitars to use f‑holes. Gibson also introduced the F5 mandolin, also designed by Lloyd Loar in the same year
1923The first commercial country & western track was recorded in New York City by Alexander Campbell ‘Eck’ Robertson (1887‑1975) – ‘Fiddlin’ John Carson’ for OKeh Records. Robertson had recorded several tracks for Victor Talking Machine Company the previous year but these were not widely available
1923Italian guitarist, inventor and luthier, Mario Maccaferri (1900‑1993) established his reputation as a classical guitarist and maker of classical and gipsy jazz guitars
1923Musician, designer and engineer, Lloyd Loar began working on an experimental electrostatic pickup at Gibson before he left the company in 1924
1923Chicago‑based mail order and department store retailer, Montgomery Ward & Co. introduced Airline as one of its house brands. A range of Airline electric and acoustic guitars were sold between 1958 and 1968 to tap into the explosion in popular guitar‑based music. Airline is now an independent family‑owned business based in Chicago, Illinois, USA since 2024
1923As part of Sears, Roebuck & Company, Harmony became the largest manufacturer of musical instruments in the USA, producing over 250,000 units in a year
1924Austrian‑Hungarian immigrant and musician, Sam Ash (1897‑1956) opened the first Sam Ash Music Store in W 48th Street in Manhattan, New York City, USA. The location became the famously so‑called ‘Music Row’. The Sam Ash retail chain went out of business in 2024 after 100 years
1925Swiss immigrant Adolph Rickenbacher (1886‑1976) founded Rickenbacher Manufacturing Company, manufacturing metal and plastic products. The company would later become Rickenbacker
1925Hagström was founded by Albin Hagström (1905‑1952) in Älvdalen, Dalecarlia, Sweden to make accordions from 1932. The company didn’t start making electric guitars until 1958 and basses in 1961. Hagström ceased production in 1983 (revived in 2004)
1926Gibson introduced the flat top L‑1 acoustic guitar, famously used by legendary American delta blues guitarist and singer, Robert Johnson. The moniker L-1 had previously been used for Gibson’s first archtop guitar
1927The National String Instrument Corporation was founded by vaudeville entertainer George Beauchamp (1899‑1941) and luthier John Dopyera (1893‑1988) in Los Angeles, California, USA to make resonator guitars
1927John Dopyera filed for a US patent for the tricone resonator guitar. The patent was granted the same year
1928The first signature guitar, based on the Gibson L‑1 acoustic with a deeper body, was released to recognise popular American jazz singer and guitarist, Nick Lucas (1897‑1982)
1928Epaminondas Stathopoulo changed the name of his company to the ‘Epiphone Banjo Company’. The Epiphone name combined Epaminondas’ nickname, ‘Epi’ and the Ancient Greek word phōnē, meaning sound or voice. Epiphone stared making acoustic guitars, followed by archtop guitars from 1931 and amplifiers from 1935
1928American luthier, John Dopyera left National and founded the Dobro Manufacturing Company with four of his brothers. The name Dobro is a contraction of ‘DOpyera’ and ‘BROthers’
1928Clayton Orr ‘Doc’ Kauffman (1901‑1990) filed the world’s first patent for a mechanical vibrato unit (often erroneously called tremolo), the Vibrola. Kauffman’s US patent for an “Apparatus for producing tremolo effects” was granted in 1932
1929Chicago‑based Stromberg‑Voisinet advertised the first commercial electric guitar, although none are known to exist. The company ceased trading in 1931
1930C.F. Martin announced the OM (Orchestra Model) flat top acoustic guitar and introduced their first guitar featuring 20‑frets and a 14th fret neck‑to‑body joint. The ‘14/20’ design became widely adopted by Martin from 1934
1930While still working at National, George Beauchamp filed a US patent for a Dobro acoustic guitar with a single inverted resonator cone. The patent was granted in 1932
1930American brand Harmony Musical Instruments, part of Sears, Roebuck & Company, sold over 500,000 units, a record at the time
1931Ro‑Pat‑In Corporation was founded by engineer Adolph Rickenbacher and inventor George Beauchamp in Los Angeles, California, USA. The company would become Rickenbacher from 1934 and Rickenbacker from 1950
1931Gretsch started manufacturing acoustic guitars in Brooklyn, New York City, USA
1931Kay Musical Instrument Company was formed from the demise of instrument manufacturer Stromberg‑Voisinet by founder Henry Kay ‘Hank’ Kuhrmeyer, based in Chicago, Illinois, USA to make guitars, mandolins, banjos and ukuleles
1931C.F. Martin started selling dreadnought 6‑string flat top acoustic guitars under its own name. Martin introduced the D‑1 and D‑2 (later renamed the D‑18 and D‑28). Martin had been making dreadnought acoustic guitars for Oliver Ditson Co. since 1916. The dreadnought rapidly became an industry standard and Martin’s design has been widely emulated today
1932Prototyped in 1931, Ro‑Pat‑In Corporation started to manufacture a Hawaiian lap steel guitar with an electromagnetic horseshoe pickup, the Electro A‑22 (a.k.a. the ‘frying pan’, nicknamed because of its circular aluminium body and long neck). A US patent was filed in 1934 and granted in 1937. The guitar became the first solid body electric lap steel guitar. The model was discontinued in 1939
1932The earliest examples of mains powered guitar amplifiers started appearing following the introduction of electrolytic capacitors and rectifier vacuum tubes (valves)
1932Renowned luthier John D’Angelico (1905‑1964) opened a workshop in Manhattan, New York City, USA to make premium acoustic jazz guitars
1932Henri Selmer partnered with luthier Mario Maccaferri to produce acoustic ‘gypsy jazz’ guitars (closely associated with virtuoso jazz guitarist Django Reinhardt). Maccaferri designed the ‘Modèle Jazz’ with an internal resonator, steel reinforced neck, D‑shaped sound hole and a single lower squared‑off cutaway. Selmer continued production until 1952 (with oval sound holes) after Maccaferri left in 1934
1933Adolph Rickenbacher renamed the Ro‑Pat‑In Corporation to Electro String Instrument Corporation and instruments were re‑branded ‘Electro’
1933George Beauchamp was sacked by the board at National String Instrument Corporation and joined Adolph Rickenbacker at Electro String Instrument Corporation
1934National String Instrument Corporation and Dobro Manufacturing Company merged to form the combined National Dobro Corporation
1934The Gibson factory at Kalamazoo, Michigan, USA resumed full‑time instrument production after the height of the Great Depression
1934American musician and inventor Paul Tutmarc (1896‑1972) founded Audiovox Manufacturing Company to manufacture lap steel guitars
1934Gibson introduced the Super 400 (priced at $400) acoustic jazz guitar. The design heavily influenced both Stromberg and D’Angelico archtop jazz guitars, as well as Gibson’s direct competitor Epiphone
1934Gibson launched a line of lower‑priced instruments under the Kalamazoo brand name for musicians adversely impacted by the Great Depression
1935Gibson hired American jazz guitarist Alvino Rey (1908‑2004) to work on the design of a prototype electric guitar pickup. Gibson appointed electrical engineer Walter Fuller (1917‑1997) to develop the electromagnetic bar pickup, often called the ‘Charlie Christian’ after the jazz guitarist
1935Epiphone introduced the Emperor Masterbuilt acoustic jazz guitar, larger than the Gibson Super 400, fuelling stiff competition for high‑end archtop jazz guitars in the US
1935Rickenbacker introduced the solid body electric Electro‑Spanish Model B guitar made from Bakelite with a bolt‑on rounded neck, as opposed to the square necks used on Hawaiian lap steel guitars. The Model B was considered the world’s first production, solid body electric guitar
1935Paul Tutmarc developed the first electric fretted bass guitar, the Audiovox Model 736 Bass Fiddle, some 16 years before Fender introduced the Precision bass
1935Supro guitars was launched as a low‑cost in‑house brand by its parent, National Dobro Corporation. Supro was discontinued in 1968 when then‑parent company Valco went bankrupt. The Supro brand was revived in 2014
1935American salesman, Manny Goldrich (1904‑1968) founded the famous Manny’s Musical Instruments & Accessories Inc. retail store on ‘Music Row’, W 48th Street, Manhattan, New York City, USA. In 1999 Manny’s was sold to competitor Sam Ash Music
1936Gibson introduced the Advanced Jumbo flat top acoustic guitar with Sitka spruce top and rosewood back and sides The guitar was designed by American country & western singer/songwriter Raymond Otis Whitely (1901‑1979). Only 300 were produced before Gibson replaced it with the J‑200 Super Jumbo in 1937
1936Gibson introduced the EH‑150 6‑string lap steel guitar and amplifier for $150, the company’s first production electric Hawaiian steel guitar
1936Gibson released the (Electric Spanish) ES‑150 and EH‑150 amplifier for $150. The ES-150 was the first commercially available electric ‘Spanish’ guitar. The ES‑150 was basically a modified Gibson L‑50 archtop fitted with a single ‘Charlie Christian’ bar electromagnetic single coil neck pickup
1937US Patents were granted to George Beauchamp for his electromagnetic horseshoe pickup design, originally filed in 1933 and 1934
1938Leo Fender, a qualified electronics technician, opened the Fender Radio Service in Fullerton, California, USA to repair radios, phonographs, amplifiers and PA systems
1939Harry DeArmond (1906‑1999) developed the first commercially available detachable guitar pickups, the RH/RHC for ‘round hole’ flat top guitars and the FH/FHC for ‘f‑hole’ archtop guitars. DeArmond worked with Rowe Industries to bring the pickups to market. Other DeArmond pickups include the Rhythm Chief, Dynasonic and Gold Foil, popular in the 1950s‑1970s. DeArmond pickups were used on Guild, D’Angelico, Epiphone, Fender, Martin, Airline and Silvertone guitars
1939Les Paul began building his homemade experimental electric guitar prototype, called ‘the log’. The instrument comprised a 4”x4” strip of pine, onto which he attached a neck, bridge, pickups, Epiphone hollow guitar body ‘wings’ and a ‘Doc’ Kauffman Vibrola. Les Paul presented it to the Gibson board in 1941, who rejected the concept as too unusual
1940Les Paul signed an endorsement deal with Gibson, which included him appearing with the ES‑300 electric archtop jazz guitar in the company’s advertisements
1940Gibson introduced the first electromagnetic pickup with adjustable pole pieces and Alnico magnets, designed by in‑house engineer Walter Fuller, intended to supersede the bar pickup. The P13 pickup was the predecessor to the P‑90 introduced after the end of WWII in 1946
1940Valco was formed following a restructuring of the National Dobro Corporation by a stakeholder group of former owners Victor Smith, Al Frost and Louis Dopyera. Valco manufactured guitars and amplifiers under a variety of brand names including National, Airline and Supro, as well as making guitars for other companies such as Sears Roebuck and Montgomery Ward using Harmony, Kay and Silvertone brands
1943Leo Fender joined forces with former Rickenbacker engineer and inventor of the Vibrola tailpiece, ‘Doc’ Kauffman to create K&F Manufacturing Corporation to build lap steel guitars and amplifiers in Fullerton, California, USA
1944Chicago Musical Instrument Company (CMI) acquired Gibson
1945Les Paul invented and pioneered the use of echo‑delay and multi‑track studio recording techniques
1945Schaller GmbH was founded by toolmaker and mechanic, Helmut Schaller (1923‑1999) in Postbauer‑Heng near Nuremberg, Bavaria, Germany. Schaller is a musical instrument hardware manufacturer
1946Ampeg was founded by Everett Hull and Stanley Michaels in Linden, New Jersey, USA to manufacture transducer pickups (the ‘AMplified PEG’) for upright acoustic basses. Ampeg would later build specialist bass amplifiers
1946‘Doc’ Kauffman and Leo Fender parted ways and the latter founded a new business to build guitars and amplifiers called Fender Electric Instrument Company
1946Gibson introduced its premium P‑90 single coil pickup following the end of WWII. Gibson didn’t file a US patent for the P‑90 until 1955. P‑90s came in two forms depending on mounting, the ‘dog ear’ and ‘soapbar’ variants
1946Fender introduced the ‘woodie’ series of valve amplifiers, built up to 1948 and Fender ‘tweed’ series amplifiers, built up to 1960
1946Framus (Fränkische Musikinstrumentenerzeugung) was founded by Fred A. Wilfer (1917‑1996) in Erlangen Germany to resettle displaced workers from post‑WWII Luby in Czechoslovakia. The company was formed to make stringed instruments. Framus closed in 1975 and was resurrected in 1995 as part of Warwick GmbH & Co Music Equipment KG
1946Following WWII, nylon strings widely replaced traditional gut strings on most classical instruments, including classical acoustic guitars
1946Carvin Corporation was founded by Lowell Kiesel (1915‑2009), based in San Diego, California, USA to manufacture guitar pickups
1946What would become the Teisco brand in 1964, Aoi Onpa Kenkyūjo was founded by guitarist Atswo Kaneko and electrical engineer Doryo Matsuda in Tokyo, Japan
1946American former motorcycle racer, mechanic and inventor/designer, Paul Bigsby (1899‑1968) formed The Bigsby Electric Guitar Company, based in Downey, California, USA to build lap/pedal steel guitars, solid body electric guitars and accessories
1947Gibson’s introduced the GA‑50T valve amplifier, the first amp to feature a built‑in tremolo effect
1947Danelectro Corporation (short for ‘Daniel electric‘) was founded by electrical engineer, Nathan ‘Nat’ I. Daniel (1912‑1994), based initially in Red Bank and then in Neptune City, New Jersey, USA
1948Gibson hired American businessman Ted McCarty (1909‑2001) from the Wurlitzer Company. He became vice president in 1949 and president of the company in 1950. McCarty rapidly expanded Gibson’s design and manufacturing capability during 1950s
1948Paul Bigsby built a bespoke solid body electric guitar for country music artist Merle Travis. It was widely regarded as a milestone in solid body electric guitar design and was said to have heavily influenced Leo Fender’s guitars. Bigsby built two other guitars for George Grohs and Tommy ‘Butterball’ Paige
1948Epiphone introduced the Emperor hollow body electric archtop guitar, associated with legendary jazz guitarist Joe Pass (1929-1994)
1948Fender introduced its Champ valve amplifier, initially called the Champion 800, rated at 5W into an 8” speaker. Also widely introduced was the Princeton valve amp with 4W into an 8” speaker
1948The Japanese brand, Teisco was introduced to sell affordable musical instruments. Teisco was one of the Japanese companies that imported budget instruments into the US and UK from 1960. In 1967, the brand was discontinued and, in 1969, the name was acquired by Kawai Musical Instruments Manufacturing Co., Ltd. The brand was revived in 2018
1949Leo Fender and George Fullerton started developing a prototype for a new solid body electric guitar design that would initially be called the Broadcaster. The guitar was formally re‑named the Telecaster in late 1951
1949Gibson introduced the hollow body ES‑175 electric archtop jazz guitar. It featured f‑holes, a single Florentine cutaway and, initially, a single P‑90 pickup
1949Watkins Electric Music (better known as WEM) was founded by brothers Charlie and Reg Watkins in London, England to manufacture PA systems, guitar amplifiers and electric guitars. WEM also became famous for its portable Copicat tape echo effect unit
1950Fender appointed V.C. Squier Company to supply strings for the company’s new electric guitar models
1950Fender introduced the first mass produced solid body electric guitar, the forerunner of the Fender Telecaster, the single and dual‑pickup Fender Esquire. Fender renamed it the Broadcaster before they were forced to remove the name (the so‑called ‘Nocaster’) due to a legal dispute with Gretsch. The model was officially renamed the Telecaster in 1951. The model has been in continuous production since
1950Gibson president, Ted McCarty was heavily involved in many pioneering guitar design innovations during Gibson’s ‘golden age’ between 1950 and 1966. McCarty oversaw the introduction of the Gibson Les Paul Model, ES‑335, Flying V, Explorer, SG and Firebird, as well as the humbucking pickup and tune‑o‑matic bridge
1950Jennings Musical Instruments (JMI) Ltd. was founded by Thomas Walter Jennings (1917‑1978) in Dartford, Kent, England to make guitar amplifiers. The company changed its name to Jennings Musical Industries in 1956. The company would formally become VOX in 1957
1951Leo Fender’s Fender Electric Instrument Company was incorporated in Fullerton, California, USA
1951Fender introduced the revolutionary solid body electric fretted Fender Precision Bass guitar alongside the newly re‑named Telecaster guitar
1951Gibson introduced the Super 400CES (standing for Cutaway Electric Spanish), a high‑end 18”‑wide electric archtop jazz guitar
1952Gibson introduced the Ted McCarty‑designed solid body electric guitar, the Les Paul Model gold top with a carved maple top over a mahogany body, a set mahogany neck, dual P‑90 single coil pickups and a trapeze tailpiece
1952Jimmy D’Aquisto started work as an apprentice to master luthier John D’Angelico in Manhattan, New York City, USA
1952Valco introduced its first solid body guitars under its National and Supro brand names. The Valco brand name never appeared on an instrument
1952The Guild Guitar Company was founded by guitarist and music retailer Avram ‘Alfred’ Dronge (1911‑1972) in Manhattan, New York, USA. Guild employed many former Epiphone employees after the latter moved to Philadelphia following a damaging industrial dispute
1952Fender introduced the famous Twin combo valve amplifier with two 12″ speakers and two 6L6 valves and a rated output of 25 watts. Fender also introduced the Bassman series, the first dedicated bass amplifiers
1953Engineer and inventor, Paul Bigsby filed a US patent for the innovative Bigsby vibrato tailpiece. The patent was granted in the same year
1953Ted McCarty designed the Tune‑O‑Matic adjustable bridge with wire retainer, first used on the Gibson Super 400 archtop jazz guitar
1953Gretsch introduced the single cutaway 6128 Duo Jet with a chambered mahogany body, intended to compete with Gibson and Fender
1954After a brief spell with Gibson, German luthier Roger Rossmeisl (1927‑1979) was appointed by Rickenbacker to design their electric guitars and basses
1954Fender introduced the innovative 3‑pickup Stratocaster solid body electric guitar designed by Leo Fender, George Fullerton and Freddie Tavares. The Stratocaster has remained in continuous production to‑date
1954Leo Fender filed a US patent for the Fender Synchronized Tremolo (vibrato). The patent was granted in 1956
1954Gibson introduced the upmarket black (ebony) and gold Les Paul Custom using Ted McCarty’s adjustable Tune‑O‑Matic bridge
1954Gibson introduced the entry‑level single‑cutaway, slab‑bodied Les Paul Junior guitar with a single P‑90 bridge pickup. The Junior’s body was changed to a double‑cutaway in 1958 and was discontinued in 1963
1954Danelectro started production of a line of guitars using its distinctive ‘lipstick’ pickups, with covers made from actual cosmetic lipstick tubes
1954Gibson introduced the J‑160E acoustic/electric 6‑string flat top guitar. The model was later made famous by John Lennon of The Beatles
1955Valco introduced the National 1104 Town & Country solid body electric guitar. The Town & Country also appeared under the Airline brand
1955Fender introduced the Tremolux valve amplifier, the first Fender amp with a built‑in tremolo effect. The design was patented in 1956
1955Gibson introduced the intermediate‑level single‑cutaway, slab‑bodied Les Paul Special and TV guitars with dual P‑90 pickups. The Special’s body was changed to a double‑cutaway in 1958 until it would be replaced by the Les Paul SG (Solid Guitar) Special from 1961 and SG Special from 1963
1955Gibson introduced their first thinline guitar model, the hollow‑body carved archtop Byrdland, named after guitarists Billy Byrd and Hank Garland. The Byrdland was based on the deeper L‑5CES and with a short 23½” scale. The guitar was available in both Florentine and Venetian cutaway form
1955Prototyped in 1954, Gretsch introduced the single cutaway 6120 Chet Atkins Hollow Body with endorsement by American country guitarist Chet Atkins (1924‑2001). The body was changed to a double cutaway thinline design in 1962 and re‑name as the ‘6120 Nashville’ in 1964
1955Zemaitis guitars was founded by London‑born luthier Tony Zemaitis (1935‑2002) based in London, England. He was born as Antanas Kazimeras Žemaitis, of Lithuanian descent
1956Fender introduced the short scale single pickup solid‑body electric Musicmaster ‘student’ guitar. It would be followed by the Duo‑Sonic (also 1956), the Mustang (1964) and the Bronco (1967)
1956Danelectro introduced the world’s first 6‑string electric bass guitar (a.k.a. the Tic‑Tac Bass)
1956Hartley Peavey (1941‑) built his very first amplifier constructed from surplus parts. He would later go on to found Peavey Electronics in 1965
1956Mosrite guitars was founded as Mosrite of California by Semie and Andy Moseley with investment from Reverend Ray Boatright. Mosrite started out to build electric guitars initially in Bakersfield and then in Los Angeles, California, USA. Mosrite went bankrupt in 1968
1956Aria Guitars Co. was founded by Shiro Arai (1930‑2019) in Nagoya, Japan. Aria initially retailed acoustic guitars before they started to manufacture acoustic guitars from 1964 and electric guitars from 1966
1957Wandrè Guitars was formed by artist and luthier, Italian Antonio Vandrè Pioli (1926‑2004). The instruments, known for their futuristic eccentric and experimental features, were sometimes referred to as ‘sound sculptures’. Wandrè guitars ceased production in 1968
1957Epiphone was acquired by Gibson’s parent company, Chicago‑based CMI (Chicago Musical Instruments) and the two companies were merged
1957Gibson introduced the milestone P.A.F (Patent Applied For) humbucking pickup designed by American electronic engineer Seth E. Lover (1910‑1997)
1957Gretsch introduced the Filter’Tron humbucking pickup designed by American inventor and engineer Joseph Raymond Butts (1919‑2003)
1957Rickenbacker introduced the iconic 4000 series bass guitar with its distinctive neck‑through body and ‘cresting wave’ body shape, designed by Roger Rossmeisl
1957The Ibanez brand was created in Nagoya, Aichi, Japan as a subsidiary of Hoshino Gakki Kabushiki, a.k.a. Hoshino Musical Instruments
1957Jennings Musical Industries (JMI) was renamed VOX Amplification Ltd. The rebrand was widely regarded as the founding of VOX in the UK
1958British amp manufacturer VOX introduced the legendary AC30 combo valve amp, rated at 30W
1958Fender introduced the upmarket Fender Jazzmaster offset solid body electric guitar, intended to attract conservative jazz guitarists from major rival, Gibson
1958Gibson changed the gold top Les Paul Model to the cherry sunburst Les Paul Standard with dual PAF humbucking pickups. Arguably, the iconic Les Paul Standard ‘burst is Gibson’s most famous and desirable model. It was replaced in 1961 by the Les Paul Standard SG, renamed simply as the SG in 1963 after Les Paul’s endorsement agreement with Gibson ended
1958Gibson introduced the ES‑335 semi‑hollow thinline electric guitar with an innovative solid centre block intended to reduce feedback in high gain situations. The semi‑acoustic centre block design ironically imitated Les Paul’s failed ‘the log’ prototype (1939‑1941)
1958Gibson introduced the ground‑breaking and futuristic Modernistic series of guitars comprising the Flying V and Explorer solid body electric guitar models. A third model was proposed (and patented), the Moderne, although no known originals are known to exist. The Moderne was finally released in 1982‑1983 (with just 143 sold)
1958The budget Gibson Les Paul SG Junior, Special and TV models were redesigned with new slab body, double‑cutaway guitars, replacing the original single cutaway ones
1958Airline guitars, manufactured by Valco, sold through the Montgomery Ward department store and mail‑order business, were introduced and remained for sale until 1968 when Valco went bankrupt
1958Rickenbacker introduced the semi‑acoustic 300 series guitars designed by German luthier Roger Rossmeisl
1958British string manufacturer Rotosound was founded by brothers James and Ron How in Blackfen, Kent, England, although the Rotosound brand name wasn’t used until 1963
1958Swedish manufacturer, Hagström started making electric guitars and basses
1959Gibson introduced the lower priced Melody Maker solid‑body electric ‘student’ guitar, initially based on the outline of the Les Paul and using new covered single coil pickups
1959Fender introduced the ‘Brownface’ series of valve amplifiers, manufactured until the style was discontinued in 1963
1959Burns Guitars London was founded by Alice Farrell and Jim Burns (1925‑1998) in London, England to build electric guitars and basses
1959Japanese brand Takamine – inspired by Mount Takamine – was founded as Ozhone Musical Instrument Manufacturing in Sakashita, Gifu, Japan to make acoustic guitars. The company was renamed Takamine Musical Instruments Manufacturing Co. Ltd. in 1962

For those who prefer a purely visual interpretation of guitars as a counterpoint to either the infographic or the chronological listing, here is a graphical illustration of 18 key milestones in guitar evolution from 1900 to 1959.

“Doesn’t matter what guitar you play, as long as you’ve got passion!” – Eric Johnson (1954‑)


Final Thoughts on ‘A Timeline of Guitar History in 400+ Snippets: Part II’

Like the film, ‘Star Wars Episode V: The Empire Strikes Back’ (1980), this article is the meat in a timeline sandwich, so there aren’t any ‘final’ thoughts at this stage. A retrospective critique will now be reserved for the end of Part III. While it isn’t the beginning and it isn’t the end, it remains a crucial part of the guitar’s story and the validity of the entries are just as important as the other parts.

I have to admit that 1959 feels like a less than ideal intermission point. It would have been better to break at, say 1949 instead of 1959 but that would then imbalance the overall topic. In some ways, though, the end of the 1950s was a watershed in cultural, social and musical change. It is also a relevant year for the author, experiencing the world that would by home for the first time. So, 1959 it is.

“Guitars have been the obsession of my life. I first picked one up at the age of four and I’ve been a guitar junkie ever since” – Johnny Marr (1963‑)


CRAVE Guitars’ ‘Album of the Month’

This could be pretty much any album from the history of guitar music recordings. However, one had to be chosen, so I have gone for something that represents both a landmark in both guitar music as well as recording. The pick wasn’t actually an album at the time but it has become an essential collection of tracks for most guitar aficionados and for anyone with an interest in guitar history. I reckon it’s a fitting choice for this article, deriving from the first half of the 20th Century. Drum roll please. This month’s accolade goes to…

Robert Johnson – The Complete Recordings (1990): Given the expansive mythology surrounding Robert Johnson (1911‑1938), in the real world he only recorded 29 songs with 13 alternate takes in two separate occasions. The first recording sessions took place between 23 and 25 November 1936, in San Antonio, Texas, USA. The second recording sessions took place on 19 and 20 June 1937, in Dallas, Texas. This compilation album comprises 41 tracks, which represents all but one known tracks, covering a total of 107 minutes. It therefore represents a definitive milestone in the history of the blues and guitar music.

There isn’t room here to go into all the fascinating truths, myths, legends and fictions surrounding American delta blues guitarist, singer/songwriter and Mississippi native Robert Leroy Johnson and his trusty Gibson L1 acoustic guitar. Despite his limited recording portfolio recorded during his short life (he died in mysterious circumstances at the age 27, thereby unwittingly founding the infamous ’27 club’), he has become one of the most celebrated and influential of all guitarists, transcending the acoustic blues tradition of which he was part. Other virtuoso instrumentalists like jazz guitarist Charlie Christian (1916‑1942) and gypsy jazz guitarist Django Reinhardt (1910‑1953) can also be regarded as similarly influential in terms of early recorded guitarists. Without these guys, we wouldn’t have the diversity of guitar music we enjoy today.

BELIEVE IN MUSIC!

“Hello Satan, it’s time to go. Me and the devil, walkin’ side by side” – Robert Johnson (1911‑1938)


Tailpiece

Wow, this is turning into a genuine epic. It was as I was editing the original full Part II, it became obvious that it was just too much for a single article. If I was struggling to edit it due to its enormity, then readers would also have a hard time wading through so much information. There was little point in being counter‑productive. It was only very close to publication date that I decided to make the change. Without a great deal of time to reflect, I can only trust that the outcome hasn’t been overly compromised.

“Some people tell me that the worried blues ain’t bad. Worst old feelin’ I most ever had” – Robert Johnson (1911‑1938)

Please come back next month and join me for the third and now‑final part of the esteemed guitar’s timeline. Adiós por ahora, mis amigos.

Truth, peace, love, and guitar music be with you always. The CRAVEman, signing off for now. Until next time…

CRAVE Guitars’ ‘Quote of the Month’: “Unwise people all too often confuse power, money and information with wisdom, wealth and knowledge. Wise people understand the difference and live wisely”

© 2026 CRAVE Guitars – Love Vintage Guitars.


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January 2020 – The Story of Modern Music in 1,500+ Facts – Part X

Introduction

Well, here we are once again. Welcome to 2020 one and all – a new year and a new decade, well, sort of. After the temporary intermission last month for the obligatory 2019 end‑of‑year roundup, we’re back on the trail ‘History of Modern Music…’ Cast your mind back for a moment. In more than one way, 1650 and the end of the Renaissance, where this story began seems a long, long time ago now. It struck me during the brief interlude just what a conceivably Sisyphean labour it has become, and there is still quite a bit of fun and games to be played out. Getting straight back into the proverbial saddle, Part X of the story is now rounding up the stragglers from the 20th Century and riding into the dawn of the new millennium with all its first world promises and disappointments.

If you would like to (re)visit the first 9 parts (and 350 years) of the story to‑date, you can do so here (each link opens a new browser tab):

Right, now the prelude is over, let’s get into the groove of the shiny new millennium, starting at 2000 and finishing this month at the end of 2009…

The Story of Modern Music Part X 2000-2009

Without the benefit of lengthy hindsight, the question is, how best to describe early 21st Century music? Arguably, the most notable trend of the noughties was the rise in popularity of indie music standing proud and in stark contrast to the seemingly indomitable, yet strangely bland, soulless and non‑descript merchandise of the commercial pop music industry.

Sadly, time and circumstances resulted in many prominent departures during the decade, adding a touch of pathos among the many achievements. While lost to us, at least we still have their music to appreciate.

In the absence of any particularly significant defining characteristics, perhaps it is best to let the facts speak for themselves. Before we get there, though, it is important to set the turbulent global context within which the musical styles of the new age progressed. Although shorter in content than previous decades, the ‘noughties’, and consequently, the ‘teenies’, will still get their own discrete article.

Historical Context 2000-2009

The opening decade of the 2000s has many popular names, one of which is simply, ‘the noughties’. The widely recognised formal name for the first decade of a new century is the less common, ‘the aughts’. Despite the unbridled optimism for the new millennium, the ‘00s heralded a fractious decade during which terrorism and the rise of dangerous radical Islamic ideologies would dominate international relations and drive brutal armed conflict in many territories. An unsustainable rise in living standards and avaricious materialism during the first half of the decade precipitated another inevitable major ‘boom and bust’ event fuelled by rabid financial mismanagement and, ultimately, greed. The result was the most devastating global recession to hit ordinary people since the 1930s in terms of both impact and longevity. Depression drove increasingly profound social, health and wealth divisions between the richest few percent and the vast majority. The digital revolution boomed and the unbridled growth of the Internet facilitated the promise of global democratisation of knowledge and information, while also enabling massive levels of ‘social’ drivel and inanity. There was a continued expansion in environmental lobbying and ‘green’ industries aiming to tackle the impending and still controversial threat of the ‘greenhouse effect’ on the planet’s fragile ecosystem.

Year

Global Events

2000

An Air France Concorde airliner crashed shortly after take‑off in France, killing 113 people, leading to the suspension of the fleet and effectively ending the era of supersonic passenger flights.

 

The first stage of the world’s largest collaborative biological project, the Human Genome Project was completed, documenting an initial rough draft of the base pairs that make up human DNA.

2001

Republican politician George W. Bush became the 43rd president of the U.S.A. Bush Junior was the son of George H.W. Bush who was the 41st president.

 

Members of the Islamic terrorist group al-Qaeda hijacked and crashed two airliners into the World Trade Center in Manhattan, New York City. A third plane was crashed into the U.S. Department of Defense HQ, the Pentagon in Virginia. A fourth aircraft crashed in Shanksville, Pennsylvania after passengers overpowered the hijackers. The co‑ordinated attacks of 9/11 killed almost 3,000 people.

 

America, supported by its allies, invaded Afghanistan following the unprecedented 9/11 terrorist attacks on the U.S.A. with the intention of dismantling the threat of Islamic terrorist organisation al‑Qaeda at its source.

2002

The Euro was officially introduced in the Eurozone countries, after which the former currencies of those countries ceased to be legal tender.

 

Queen Elizabeth, The Queen Mother of the UK monarchy and the wife of King George VI, died. Her funeral took place at Westminster Abbey in London.

 

The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (SARS CoV) outbreak emanated in southern China and the subsequent epidemic caused a global public health crisis.

2003

America and Britain, supported by allies, invaded Iraq to remove the threat of alleged weapons of mass destruction (WMD) and to depose the country’s dictator and head of state, Saddam Hussain.

 

The first successful global social networking website, Myspace was founded by Americans Chris DeWolfe and Tom Anderson, based in Beverly Hills, California. Myspace was overtaken in popularity by rival Facebook in 2008 and, while still in existence, usage has declined significantly.

 

American Space Shuttle Columbia disintegrated during re‑entry to the Earth’s atmosphere, killing all seven astronauts aboard.

2004

The global Internet‑based social media networking web site Facebook was created by American entrepreneur Mark Zuckerberg, based in Menlo Park, California. Facebook has approximately 2.5billion active users.

 

The European Union (EU) expanded by 10 new member states – Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Slovenia, Hungary, Malta and Cyprus.

 

A massive 9.3 magnitude earthquake and tsunami in the Indian Ocean near Sumatra killed over 200,000 people.

 

The tallest skyscraper in the world, Taipei 101, at a height of 1,670 feet (510m) opened in Taipei, Taiwan. It was overtaken by the completion of the Burj Khalifa in Dubai in 2010.

2005

The video sharing web site, YouTube was launched. The platform was created by Chad Hurley, Steve Chen, and Jawed Karim, based in San Bruno, California. YouTube is currently owned by technology giant, Google.

 

Polish head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of the Vatican City, Pope John Paul II died. He was succeeded by German national, Pope Benedict XVI.

 

Category 5 Hurricane Katrina devastated the city of New Orleans, Louisiana, U.S.A., killing over 1,800 people and causing billions of dollars’ worth of damage.

2006

Indian Islamic terrorists detonated seven bombs on trains in the city of Mumbai, India, killing more than 200 people.

 

Discovered in 1930, Pluto was demoted from planet status and was re‑designated the largest known dwarf planet in the Kuiper belt. Caltech researcher Mike Brown led the team that led to the declassification.

 

Former president of Iraq, Saddam Hussein was tried and convicted by an Iraqi Special Tribunal and was executed by hanging for crimes against humanity.

2007

Three-year old English girl Madeleine McCann disappeared from the holiday resort of Praia da Luz in the Algarve region of Portugal. She remains missing despite massive media coverage.

 

Technology giant Apple Inc. launched the game‑changing touch screen mobile telephone, the iPhone.

 

The Global Financial Crisis began, caused by poor regulation resulted in the failure of a number of large financial and banking institutions. The severe worldwide economic downturn, known as the Great Recession, was the worst since the Great Depression of the 1930s. The economic impact of the slump lasted for more than a decade.

2008

In physics, the Large Hadron Collider particle accelerator used to detect the presence of sub‑atomic particles was completed by CERN near Geneva in Switzerland. The pioneering science project became fully operational in 2010.

 

Pakistani Islamic terrorists carried out a series of 12 attacks over 4 days in Mumbai, India, killing almost 175 people.

2009

The decentralised digital cryptocurrency Bitcoin was established by pseudonymous Japanese creator Satoshi Nakamoto.

 

Democrat politician Barack Obama became the 44th president of the U.S.A. and was the first African‑American to be elected to the presidency.

Musical Genre Development 2000-2009

The pop music machine sustained commercial success well into the 21st Century. Large record companies continued to focus resources on the lucrative tween and teen audiences with artists such as Avril Lavigne, Miley Cyrus, Justin Bieber, Rihanna, Chris Brown, Usher, P!nk, Beyoncé, Lady Gaga and Katy Perry. Also popular were manufactured groups such as Destiny’s Child, Sugababes, Pussycat Dolls, One Direction, 5 Seconds Of Summer and Little Mix. Country music saw another revival with artists like Shania Twain, Taylor Swift, Faith Hill, Keith Urban and Carrie Underwood achieving notable success. Soul (nu‑soul) also saw a resurgence of interest, including performers like Joss Stone, Natasha Bedingfield, Corinne Bailey Rae, Estelle, Amy Winehouse, Adele and Duffy. Hip‑hop broadened out into contemporary R&B and claimed the resurgent urban music territory with artists such as Jay‑Z, Kanye West, Ludacris and 50 Cent building on the popularity of Dr Dre, Eminem and N.W.A.

Indie (rock) music had its origins in the 1970s as a ‘catch‑all’ umbrella term for artists who produced music through independent record labels rather than the large record companies and their subsidiaries. A new breed of bands began to emerge, aided by Internet exposure, coalescing into the indie rock movement on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean. Emerging rock bands came into their own and reasserted their independence through a rejection of (and by) the structured studio system. One constant characteristic of indie music is the rejuvenated dominance of the electric guitar within a band format. Indie music originated from the punk, alternative and grunge genres of previous decades and represents a very diverse range of musical approaches including dream pop, shoegaze, indie pop, indie dance, garage rock, indietronica, chillwave, hypnagogic pop, lo‑fi, etc. To reflect this diversity, there is a long list of indie artists from varying sub‑genres to give an indication of its broad appeal, including (in no particular order); My Bloody Valentine, Arctic Monkeys, The Jesus & Mary Chain, Eels, Low, The Zutons, Interpol, Charlatans, Slowdive, Ride, Primal Scream, PJ Harvey, The Strokes, The White Stripes, The Hives, The Vines, Snow Patrol, Keane, Pavement, Spiritualized, Blood Red Shoes, The Cribs, Sleater‑Kinney, The Libertines, Franz Ferdinand, Razorlight, Editors, Kasabian, Kings Of Leon, LCD Soundsystem, Crystal Castles, Arcade Fire, Yeah Yeah Yeahs, Paramore, Belle & Sebastian, The Shins, The Kooks, The Killers, The Fratellis, Vampire Weekend, Bombay Bicycle Club, The Black Keys, Black Rebel Motorcycle Club, Modest Mouse, Ariel Pink, My Chemical Romance, Weezer, Death Cab for Cutie, White Lies, Two Door Cinema Club and War On Drugs amongst many others. The sheer volume of artists and material led to the term ‘indie landfill’ used to describe generic and derivative music exploiting indie music credentials.

Musical Facts 2000-2009

Day

Month

Year

Music Fact

6

March

2000

The American Rock & Roll Hall Of Fame inducted its ‘Class of 2000’ including Eric Clapton, Earth Wind & Fire, The Lovin’ Spoonful, Bonnie Raitt, James Taylor, Nat ‘King’ Cole, Billie Holiday and Scotty Moore.

27

March

2000

English punk singer, songwriter and poet, Ian Dury died from cancer in London at the age of 57.

23

May

2000

American hip hop artist Eminem released his classic 3nd studio album, ‘The Marshall Mathers LP’.

20

June

2000

American blues/rock duo The White Stripes released their 2nd studio album, ‘De Stijl’.

2

October

2000

English alternative rock band Radiohead changed stylistic direction when they released their 4th studio album, ‘Kid A’.

9

October

2000

English alternative rock band Placebo released their 3rd studio album, ‘Black Market Music’.

5

December

2000

American political rap rock band, Rage Against The Machine released their 4th and, to‑date, final studio album, ‘Renegades’.

8

December

2000

English bass guitarist, singer, songwriter and former member of rock band The Police, Sting received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 6834 Hollywood Boulevard.

18

December

2000

English singer and songwriter Kirsty MacColl was killed tragically in a boating incident while on holiday in Cozumel, Quintana Roo, Mexico at the age of 41.

20

December

2000

Long-running UK music magazine ‘Melody Maker’ published its final issue. It had run for over 74 years since January 1926. Melody Maker was merged with rival music paper, New Musical Express (NME).

6

March

2001

Jamaican reggae legend Bob Marley received a posthumous Star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 7080 Hollywood Boulevard.

19

March

2001

The American Rock & Roll Hall Of Fame inducted its ‘Class of 2001’ including Aerosmith, Solomon Burke, the Flamingos, Michael Jackson, Queen, Paul Simon, Steely Dan, Ritchie Valens and James Burton.

20

March

2001

Renowned Northern Irish blues/rock guitarist, Gary Moore released his classic 15th studio album, ‘Back To The Blues’ in the UK.

2

April

2001

German industrial heavy metal rock band Rammstein released their top-selling 3rd studio album, ‘Mutter’ (translated as Mother).

3

April

2001

American indie rock band Black Rebel Motorcycle Club released their debut studio album, ‘B.R.M.C.’.

10

April

2001

Indie rock giants, Nick Cave & The Bad Seeds released their 11th studio album, ‘No More Shall We Part’.

4

June

2001

English alternative rock band Radiohead released their classic 5th studio album, ‘Amnesiac’ in the UK.

18

June

2001

English alternative rock band Muse released their breakout 2nd studio album, ‘Origin of Symmetry’.

30

June

2001

American guitarist, nicknamed the ‘Country Gentleman’, Chet Atkins died from cancer at his home in Nashville, Tennessee at the age of 77.

3

July

2001

American blues/rock duo The White Stripes released their 3rd studio album, ‘White Blood Cells’.

18

July

2001

American hard rock band KISS introduced a unique, if somewhat sinister, item of brand merchandise, a burial coffin humorously known as the ‘KISS Kasket’.

27

July

2001

American bass guitarist with southern rock band Lynyrd Skynyrd, Leon Wilkeson died of chronic liver and lung disease in Ponte Vedra Beach, Florida at the age of 49.

30

July

2001

Emerging American indie rock band The Strokes released their classic debut album, ‘Is This It’.

18

September

2001

American alternative/indie rock band Wilco released their classic 4th studio album, ‘Yankee Hotel Foxtrot’.

23

October

2001

American technology giant Apple Inc. introduced the first iPod solid state portable media player, linked to the iTunes media storage library.

29

November

2001

English former member of The Beatles, George Harrison died of cancer in Los Angeles, California at the age of 58.

16

December

2001

Scottish guitarist and singer with punk rock band Skids and then Big Country, Stuart Adamson committed suicide in Honolulu, Hawaii at the age of 43.

5

March

2002

MTV broadcast the first episode of their reality TV show ‘The Osbournes’, featuring a portrayal of the Black Sabbath singer Ozzy Osbourne’s family life.

18

March

2002

The American Rock & Roll Hall Of Fame inducted its ‘Class of 2002’ including Isaac Hayes, Brenda Lee, Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers, Gene Pitney, Ramones, Talking Heads and Chet Atkins.

26

March

2002

British heavy metal rock band, Iron Maiden released their massive live concert album, ‘Rock In Rio’.

12

April

2002

English heavy metal singer with Black Sabbath and TV reality show celebrity, Ozzy Osbourne received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 6780 Hollywood Boulevard.

14

May

2002

Award-winning American singer, songwriter, guitarist, electronica musician and producer Moby released his commercially successful 6th studio album, ‘18’.

5

June

2002

American bass guitarist Dee Dee Ramone of punk rock band Ramones died from a heroin drug overdose at his home in Hollywood, California at the age of 50.

27

June

2002

English bass guitarist with rock band The Who, John Entwistle, nicknamed ‘The Ox’, died of a cocaine‑related heart attack in a Hard Rock hotel room in Paradise, Nevada at the age of 57.

27

August

2002

American rock band Queens Of The Stone Age released their classic 3rd studio album, ‘Songs For The Deaf’.

24

September

2002

American alternative rock artist, Beck released his introspective and highly underrated 8th studio album, ‘Sea Change’.

14

October

2002

English indie rock band The Libertines released their successful debut studio album, ‘Up The Bracket’.

18

October

2002

English pop/rock band Queen received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 6356 Hollywood Boulevard.

27

October

2002

Highly renowned American record producer who worked for Atlantic Records, Tom Dowd died of emphysema in Aventura, Florida at the age of 77.

3

November

2002

Scottish singer and guitarist, crowned the ‘King of Skiffle’, Lonnie Donegan died of a heart attack in Market Deeping, Lincolnshire at the age of 71.

22

December

2002

English singer, songwriter and guitarist, Joe Strummer of punk rock band The Clash died from a congenital heart defect at his home in Somerset, UK at the age of 50.

30

December

2002

The funeral of English guitarist, singer and songwriter with punk rock band The Clash, Joe Strummer took place in London, UK.

3

February

2003

Famous American ‘wall of sound’ record producer, Phil Spector murdered actress Lana Clarkson in his California Alhambra mansion.

10

February

2003

English trip-hop group, Massive Attack released their underrated 4th studio album, ‘100th Window’ in the UK.

10

March

2003

The American Rock & Roll Hall Of Fame inducted its ‘Class of 2003’ including AC/DC, The Clash, Elvis Costello & The Attractions, The Police, The Righteous Brothers and Floyd Cramer.

1

April

2003

American blues/rock duo The White Stripes released their highly regarded 4th studio album, ‘Elephant’.

1

April

2003

English alternative rock band Placebo released their 4th studio album, ‘Sleeping With Ghosts’.

18

April

2003

Legendary American blues/R&B, soul and jazz singer Etta James received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 7080 Hollywood Boulevard.

11

May

2003

English bass guitarist with The Jimi Hendrix Experience, Noel Redding died of liver disease in Clonakilty, County Cork, Ireland at the age of 57.

15

May

2003

American country music singer and wife of Johnny Cash, June Carter Cash died following heart surgery in Nashville, Tennessee at the age of 73.

30

May

2003

Successful English record producer behind many massive chart hits, Mickie Most died from abdominal cancer at his home in London at the age of 64.

9

June

2003

Acclaimed English alternative rock band Radiohead released their 6th studio album, ‘Hail To The Thief’.

13

June

2003

English guitarist, singer, songwriter and former member of progressive rock band Pink Floyd, David Gilmour was awarded a CBE by Her Majesty the Queen.

30

July

2003

Legendary American record producer Sam Phillips, founder of Sun Records and the man responsible for signing Elvis Presley, Jerry Lee Lewis, Roy Orbison and Johnny Cash, died of respiratory failure in Memphis Tennessee at the age of 80.

25

August

2003

American indie rock band Black Rebel Motorcycle Club released their 2nd studio album, ‘Take Them On, On Your Own’.

12

September

2003

Less than 4 months after his wife passed away, American country legend Johnny Cash died of complications caused by diabetes in Nashville at the age of 71.

26

September

2003

English singer, songwriter, musician, solo artist and former member of the pop rock band Power Station, Robert Palmer died of a heart attack in a hotel room in Paris, France at the age of 54.

29

September

2003

English alternative rock band Muse released their successful 3nd studio album, ‘Absolution’.

12

December

2003

English singer and songwriter with The Rolling Stones, Mick Jagger received a knighthood from HRH Prince Charles at Buckingham Palace.

9

February

2004

English indie rock band Franz Ferdinand released their successful debut studio album, the self-titled ‘Franz Ferdinand’.

15

March

2004

The American Rock & Roll Hall Of Fame inducted its ‘Class of 2004’ including Jackson Browne, George Harrison, Prince, Bob Seger, Traffic and ZZ Top.

6

May

2004

American virtuoso jazz guitarist and session musician with The Wrecking Crew, Barney Kessel died from a brain tumour at his home in San Diego, California at the age of 80.

10

June

2004

American singer, songwriter, musician, and composer Ray Charles died from complications as a result of acute liver disease at his home in Beverly Hills, California at the age of 73.

15

June

2004

Emerging American rock band The Killers released their hugely successful debut studio album, ‘Hot Fuss’.

23

June

2004

American folk/rock singer, songwriter and guitarist, Bob Dylan was made ‘Doctor of Music’ at St. Andrews University in Scotland, UK.

24

June

2004

Exactly 5 years after his first sale, English blues/rock guitarist, Eric Clapton auctioned many of his guitars in New York City. Together, the two auctions raised $11 million for the Crossroads Centre he founded in Antigua, a residential treatment centre for alcohol and chemical dependencies.

21

July

2004

American music composer, Jerry Goldsmith, famous for his many TV and film scores, died from cancer in Beverley Hills, California at the age of 75.

30

August

2004

English indie rock band The Libertines released their successful eponymous 2nd studio album, ‘The Libertines’.

6

September

2004

English indie rock band Kasabian released their classic self-titled debut studio album, ‘Kasabian’.

9

September

2004

Successful American guitar and musical equipment entrepreneur and businessman, Ernie Ball died in San Luis Obispo, California at the age of 74.

15

September

2004

American guitarist and songwriter with punk rock band Ramones, Johnny Ramone died of prostate cancer at his home in Los Angeles, California at the age of 56.

20

September

2004

Indie/alternative rock giants, Nick Cave & The Bad Seeds released their epic 13th double studio album, ‘Abattoir Blues / The Lyre of Orpheus’.

21

September

2004

American post-punk rock band Green Day released their top-selling 7th studio album, ‘American Idiot’ in the U.S.

27

September

2004

German industrial heavy metal band Rammstein released their 4th studio album, ‘Reise, Reise’ (roughly translated as ‘Arise, Arise’).

25

October

2004

Highly acclaimed English DJ and BBC radio presenter, John Peel died from a heart attack while working on holiday in Cusco, Peru at the age of 65.

1

November

2004

American rock band Kings of Leon released their commercially successful 4th studio album, ‘Only By The Night’ in the UK (22 February 2005 in the US).

3

November

2004

English blues/rock guitarist, singer and songwriter, Eric Clapton received a CBE from the Princess Royal at Buckingham Palace in London for his services to music.

8

December

2004

American guitarist, ‘Dimebag’ Darrell Abbott, co-founder of heavy metal bands Pantera and Damageplan was murdered while performing on stage in Columbus, Ohio at the age of 38.

14

December

2004

The funeral of American guitarist with heavy rock bands Pantera and Damageplan, ‘Dimebag’ Darrell Abbott, took place in Arlington, Texas.

10

February

2005

English singer with The Who, Roger Daltrey was awarded a CBE by HM The Queen at Buckingham Palace.

14

March

2005

The American Rock & Roll Hall Of Fame inducted its ‘Class of 2005’ including Buddy Guy, The O’Jays, The Pretenders, Percy Sledge and U2.

22

March

2005

American alternative rock band Queens Of The Stone Age released their 4th studio album ‘Lullabies to Paralyze’.

11

June

2005

Two English rock guitarists were rewarded for their contributions to music in the Queen’s Birthday Honours. Jimmy Page of Led Zeppelin was awarded an OBE and Brian May of Queen a CBE.

22

August

2005

American indie rock band Black Rebel Motorcycle Club released their 3rd studio album, ‘Howl’.

30

August

2005

American indie rock band Death Cab For Cutie released their 5th studio album, ‘Plans’.

1

September

2005

American blues singer, songwriter and guitarist R.L. Burnside died of heart disease in a hospital in Memphis, Tennessee at the age of 78.

4

September

2005

The major feature film chronicling the life of country legend Johnny Cash, ‘Walk The Line’, starring Joaquin Phoenix and Reese Witherspoon, directed by James Mangold, was released in the USA.

10

September

2005

American guitarist and Blues Hall of Famer, Clarence ‘Gatemouth’ Brown died from cancer in Orange, Texas at the age of 81.

5

November

2005

Influential American rock ‘n’ roll guitarist Link Wray died of heart failure at his home in Copenhagen, Denmark at the age of 76.

23

January

2006

English indie rock sensation, Arctic Monkeys released their debut studio album, ‘Whatever People Say I Am, That’s What I’m Not’.

13

March

2006

The American Rock & Roll Hall Of Fame inducted its ‘Class of 2006’ including Black Sabbath, Blondie, Miles Davis, Lynyrd Skynyrd, Sex Pistols and Herb Alpert.

7

July

2006

English guitarist, songwriter and founder of progressive rock band Pink Floyd, Syd Barrett died of pancreatic cancer at his home in Cambridge at the age of 60.

25

July

2005

British indie rock band Editors released their debut studio album, ‘The Back Room’ in the UK.

30

July

2006

Popular weekly UK music chart TV programme ‘Top Of The Pops’ (TOTP) was broadcast by the BBC for the final time, after running for 42 years.

28

August

2006

English indie rock band Kasabian released their classic 2nd studio album, ‘Empire’.

15

October

2006

After American singer Patti Smith finished her live set at New York City’s famous punk rock music venue CBGB & OMFUG, the club finally closed its doors for good, following a rent dispute and thereby ending an era.

25

December

2006

Legendary American singer and the ‘Godfather of Soul’, James Brown died of pneumonia in Atlanta, Georgia at the age of 73.

28

February

2007

American rock band The Doors received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 6901 Hollywood Boulevard.

12

March

2007

The American Rock & Roll Hall Of Fame inducted its ‘Class of 2007’ including Grandmaster Flash & The Furious Five, R.E.M., The Ronettes, Patti Smith and Van Halen.

23

April

2007

English indie rock band, Arctic Monkeys released their sophomore studio album, ‘Favourite Worst Nightmare’.

25

June

2007

British indie rock band Editors released their sophomore studio album, ‘An End Has a Start’.

5

November

2007

English downtempo artist William Emmanuel Bevan (a.k.a. Burial) released his melancholic genre breaking 2nd studio album, ‘Untrue’.

12

December

2007

Controversial American rock ‘n’ roll and R&B pioneer, Ike Turner died from a cocaine overdose at his home in San Marcos, California at the age of 76.

2

March

2008

Extraordinary blind Canadian blues/rock guitarist Jeff Healey died from lung cancer in Toronto at the age of 41.

10

March

2008

The American Rock & Roll Hall Of Fame inducted its ‘Class of 2008’ including Leonard Cohen, The Dave Clark Five, Madonna, John Mellencamp, The Ventures and Little Walter.

1

April

2008

American blues/rock duo The Black Keys released their classic 5th studio album, ‘Attack & Release’.

3

April

2008

American media and technology giant Apple Inc. became the top seller of recorded music in the USA.

19

April

2008

The annual global campaign to promote the importance of independent music stores ‘Record Store Day’ began in California, USA.

28

April

2008

English trip-hop band, Portishead released their 3rd studio album, the originally titled, ‘Third’.

12

May

2008

American indie rock band Death Cab For Cutie released their 6th studio album, ‘Narrow Stairs’.

26

May

2008

English indie rock band Spiritualized released their 6th studio album, ‘Songs In A&E’.

2

June

2008

Legendary American blues and rock ‘n’ roll guitarist Bo Diddley died from heart failure at his home in Archer, Florida at the age of 79.

7

June

2008

The ‘homecoming’ funeral of American blues guitarist and singer Bo Diddley took place in Gainseville Florida.

19

June

2008

American indie rock band The War On Drugs released their debut studio album, ‘Wagonwheel Blues’.

10

August

2008

Acclaimed American soul singer, songwriter, producer and actor, Isaac Hayes died of a stroke at his home in Memphis, Tennessee at the age of 65.

19

September

2008

American rock band Kings of Leon released their commercially successful 4th studio album, ‘Only By The Night’.

10

October

2008

English alternative rock band Radiohead released their 7th studio album, ‘In Rainbows’ in the UK.

24

November

2008

Experimental virtuoso English rock guitarist, Jeff Beck released his highly acclaimed live concert album, ‘Performing This Week… Live At Ronnie Scott’s’.

15

December

2008

Hugely influential English folk acoustic guitarist Davey Graham died of lung cancer at the age of 68.

6

January

2009

American guitarist and songwriter with The Stooges and Iggy Pop, Ron Asheton died of a heart attack at his home in Ann Arbor, Michigan at the age of 60.

29

January

2009

Influential British singer, songwriter and guitarist, John Martyn died from pneumonia in Kilkenny, Ireland at the age of 60.

23

February

2009

English rave band The Prodigy released their resurgent 5th studio album, ‘Invaders Must Die’.

4

April

2009

The American Rock & Roll Hall Of Fame inducted its ‘Class of 2009’ including Jeff Beck, Metallica, Run‑D.M.C., Bobby Womack, Bill Black and D.J. Fontana.

13

April

2009

Controversial American record producer Phil Spector was convicted of murdering actress Lana Clarkson at his Alhambra mansion in California in February 2003.

14

April

2009

English former member of The Beatles, George Harrison received a posthumous star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 1750 Vine Street.

29

May

2009

Notorious American record producer, Phil Spector was sentenced to 19 years to life in prison for murdering actress Lana Clarkson at his California mansion in 2003.

5

June

2009

English indie rock band Kasabian released their classic 3rd studio album, ‘West Ryder Pauper Lunatic Asylum’.

25

June

2009

American superstar singer Michael Jackson died of a drug overdose in Los Angeles, California at the age of 50.

12

August

2009

Legendary American jazz guitarist, singer, inventor and recording innovator, Les Paul, died from pneumonia in White Plains, New York at the age of 94.

19

August

2009

English indie rock band, Arctic Monkeys released their 3rd studio album, ‘Humbug’.

12

October

2009

British indie rock band Editors released their 3rd studio album, ‘In This Light And On This Evening’.

Tailpiece

Help! We are running out of decades from which to poach pertinent and poignant particulars (pardon the flowery alliteration). Just one more decade and a few hundred facts to be revealed before the chronological timeline has to remain as‑yet‑unwritten for another epoch. The next instalment looking at the 2010s will, by definition, bring us pretty much up‑to‑date. I hope you feel inclined to re-join me in the next enthralling part of the journey.

In the meantime, warmer days and longer evenings of spring beckon. There are plenty of guitars to be played and much music to be listened to. Until next time…

CRAVE Guitars’ ‘Quote of the Month’: “It really doesn’t matter what music you play, or how good you are at playing it, as long as you play”

© 2020 CRAVE Guitars – Love Vintage Guitars.

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September 2019 – The Story of Modern Music in 1,500+ Facts – Part VII

Introduction

Welcome to the 1970s. Well kinda. Yep, here we are yet again, with the 7th article in the current series of musical discovery, focusing on the delightful ‘Seventies’. As is often the case with monumental projects, the amount of work involved has been colossal and the amount of information has been considerable. The scale alone has meant that compressing it all into logical and manageable chunks has proved somewhat of a challenge. Unsurprisingly, perhaps, it has been the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s that have proved to be the most eventful and remarkable. This month’s article focuses on the unpredictable 1970s as it follows on from the previous two tumultuous decades.

If you would like to (re)visit the first four parts (and over 300 years) of the story to‑date, you can do so here (each link opens a new browser tab):

In terms of this article as part of the overall series, the 1970s has, by far, more content than any other single decade. While it is inherently fascinating, it makes for quite a hefty read (over 300 facts this month)… so be prepared and apologies.

The Story of Modern Music Part VII 1970-1979

The so-called ‘golden era’ of music (1950s-1970s inclusive) was characterised by major seismic musical movements. The 1950s saw rock ‘n’ roll burst onto the scene, the 1960s saw the fan hysteria of the ‘British Invasion’ followed by heady idealism of hippie flower power full of peace & love, while the 1970s heralded a very different form of youth rebelliousness, veritably bristling with vigorous nihilistic punk attitude.

Gone was the positivity and optimism to be replaced with disaffection distrust and deeply seated urban angst. Instead of striving for some sort of wistful, unobtainable utopia, the desperate pursuit for a grimy dystopian anarchy became almost an end in itself. The zeitgeist of warts‑and‑all realism was striking back.

The 1970s would ultimately descend into gritty and chaotic demands for change without a clear idea of what outcome the disillusioned generation was rebelling for or against. In many respects, it didn’t matter as the alienated youth voice was seen as irrelevant to detached and remote institutions who weren’t listening and, worse, seemed not to care.

As social provocateur Malcolm McLaren proclaimed, “What matters is this: Being fearless of failure arms you to break the rules. In doing so, you may change the culture and just possibly, for a moment, change life itself.” He went on to comment, “I always said punk was an attitude. It was never about having a Mohican haircut or wearing a ripped T-shirt. It was all about destruction, and the creative potential within that.”

Civilisation wasn’t really breaking down of course and not everything was tainted by dismal doom and gloom. However, western societies were being tested and forced to adapt to a darker, more uncertain, complex and ambiguous new world.

Historical Context 1970-1979

The self-indulgent 1970s was described as the ‘Me Decade’ (coined by writer Tom Wolfe), with a move away from the model of social collectivism (communities) to individualism (self). To many, the ‘70s may well be remembered as a caricature of kitsch, a gaudy facsimile of 1960s’ sybaritic, exuberant excess. While not devoid of conflict and warfare, particularly in Asia and the Middle East, the world was slowly becoming accustomed to a period of extended and stable peace around the globe. Even the tension of the Cold War became a continuous mutual standoff. Progressive political, cultural and social change that began in the 1960s continued, including the emergence of the Women’s Liberation Movement, enabling greater social mobility for many. The ever‑more liberal ‘permissive society’ was well under way representing a crucial stage in that generation’s struggle for greater individual freedom and equality. Technology was developing at a rapid pace, providing much greater work, leisure and recreational opportunities for people in their everyday lives. However, a number of disruptive economic and political events began to destabilise a long period of post‑war economic expansion. Widespread social discontent and a rejection of a stagnant status quo resulted in widespread riots, protests, labour strikes, direct action and hints of anarchy, culminating in the UK with the infamous ‘winter of discontent’.

Year

Global Events

1970

Manned moon mission Apollo 13 narrowly avoided tragedy after an emergency in space, ultimately returning all 3 astronauts safely to Earth.

 

After being signed in 1968, 43 nations ratified The Treaty on the Non‑Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, intended to curb the spread of nuclear weapons and promote co‑operation on the peaceful use of nuclear power.

1971

The phenomenally successful coffee empire, the Starbucks Corporation, was founded in Seattle, Washington, U.S.A.

 

The massive Aswan High Dam across the River Nile in Egypt was opened. The project had required moving the ancient Egyptian temples of Ramses at Abu Simbel (in 1964) above the rising waters of Lake Nasser.

1972

The first commercial video game, Pong was released by Atari.

 

The classic gangster movie, ‘The Godfather’, directed by Francis Ford Coppola and starring Marlon Brando was released.

 

Britain imposed direct rule over Northern Ireland following the so‑called ‘Bloody Sunday’ massacre.

 

A Palestinian terrorist group killed 11 Israeli Olympic team members and a German police officer at the 1972 Olympic Games in Munich, West Germany.

 

Apollo 17 became the last moon landing (to‑date) where humans have walked on the surface of the Moon.

1973

The United Kingdom joined the expanding European Economic Community (EEC).

 

The seminal and controversial ‘horror’ movie about faith, ‘The Exorcist’ was released, directed by Willian Friedkin and starring Linda Blair.

 

A global oil crisis was triggered by OPEC, the confederation of Arab oil producing nations, which imposed an embargo on oil exports to countries supporting Israel in the Yom Kippur War, also known as the Arab-Israeli War.

 

The famous Spanish artist and co‑founder of the Cubist movement, Pablo Picasso died at the age of 91.

1974

American President Richard Nixon resigned from office following the Watergate scandal, to be succeeded by Gerald Ford as the 38th U.S. president.

 

The popular 3-D combination puzzle Rubik’s Cube was invented by Hungarian sculptor and professor of architecture, Ernő Rubik.

 

The ubiquitous Bar Code was introduced. It was notable because it was the first standardised method of representing data in a visual, machine-readable form.

1975

America finally pulled out of the Vietnam War after the Fall of Saigon, leading to the formal reunification of north and south Vietnam.

 

An historic joint American/Russian Apollo and Soyuz space mission took place in Earth orbit. It was the first time that spacecraft from different nations docked in space.

 

Widely recognised as the first modern summer blockbuster film, ‘Jaws’ was released, directed by Steven Spielberg and based on the novel by Peter Benchley published in 1974.

 

American technology innovators, Bill Gates and Paul Allen co‑founded the Microsoft Corporation in Albuquerque, New Mexico.

1976

American technology entrepreneurs, Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak and Ronald Wayne co‑founded Apple Computer Company (now Apple Inc.) in California.

 

The infamous ‘Son of Sam’ serial murders began in New York City, sparking the largest manhunt in the city’s history. The notorious killer, David Berkowitz, was finally arrested in 1977.

 

Chinese communist leader, Chairman Mao Zedong died, effectively ending the decade‑long Chinese Cultural Revolution.

1977

South African activist and anti-apartheid campaigner Stephen Biko died while in police custody after violating an order to restrict his movements.

 

The cinema phenomenon and start of a major film and merchandise franchise, Star Wars Episode 4 was released, directed by George Lucas.

1978

English woman Louise Brown, the world’s first test tube baby, was born after conception by in‑vitro fertilisation (IVF).

 

The classic video game created by Tomohiro Nishikado, Space Invaders was released.

 

The Camp David Accords signifying a negotiated peace agreement between Israel and Egypt was signed in Maryland in the U.S.A, leading to the Egypt‑Israel Peace Treaty of 1979.

1979

Conservative Party leader Margaret Thatcher became the UK’s first female Prime Minister. She was Prime Minister for nearly 12 years.

 

Russia invaded the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan, starting the Soviet‑Afghan war that would last until 1989.

 

Revolutionary Iranian religious leader Ayatollah Khomeini proclaimed Iran to be an Islamic Republic in the Middle East, starting decades of international isolation.

 

The epic Vietnam war film, ‘Apocalypse Now’, written and directed by Francis Ford Coppola, starring Martin Sheen and Marlon Brando was released.

 

In Africa, the notorious Ugandan president and dictator Idi Amin was forced to leave the country into exile.

 

The nuclear power plant at Three Mile Island in Pennsylvania, America suffered a catastrophic meltdown.

Musical Genre Development 1970-1979

If the 1960s was memorable for its own musical revolutions, the 1970s was about to unleash its own rebellious step changes. The music of the 1970s can be categorised by bursts of creativity, using existing musical styles to come up with something relevant, new, raw and vital with something important to say. Perhaps more than any other decade, the 1970s produced greater musical diversity than any other before or since. Pop music continued to be commercially successful into the 1970s including artists like David Cassidy, The Osmonds, Abba, The Bay City Rollers and the Jackson 5.

Progressive rock, often abbreviated to ‘prog’, is a broad musical genre that grew largely from psychedelic rock and the British Canterbury Scene to achieve significant appeal in the late 1960s and early 1970s. Progressive rock can be characterised by long instrumental compositions influenced by fusing classical, jazz, rock and folk styles often complemented by elegiac, poetic lyrics. Prog music was usually only released by bands on LP albums rather than singles. Studio technology and instrumental proficiency were central to the artistic soundscapes used. Like most classical music, it was intended to be listened to, rather than danced to. To some critics, prog rock was seen as avant‑garde, pompous, overblown and boring, being not readily accessible to casual listeners. For some prog musicians, it was important to elevate music from largely populist to the status of art and included experimental arrangements to create debate and stimulate interpretation. This attitude was regarded by some as pretentious and elitist, pushing the genre into somewhat of a dead end niche. Prog rock reached its peak around 1973 and had largely been rejected by the rise of punk rock in the mid‑1970s. Early artists associated with prog rock include Procol Harum, Colosseum, Soft Machine, Barclay James Harvest, Caravan and Curved Air, paving the way for the progressive giants of the genre, including Jethro Tull, King Crimson, Yes, Genesis, Van der Graaf Generator, Emerson, Lake and Palmer (ELP), as well as Pink Floyd and Mike Oldfield.

The underpinnings of heavy metal began in the late 1960s as hard rock explored new musical territories. Often cited as the pioneers of the genre were Led Zeppelin, Deep Purple and Black Sabbath, all forming in 1968. Arguably, though, the first two, while clearly influencing metal, lean more towards hard rock and its successors. Even though many of the characteristics of metal had been used before, Black Sabbath are widely regarded as the true forefathers of today’s heavy metal. The sound of heavy metal took hard rock and laid on layers of thick, heavy distorted riffs using power chords, high volume levels, searing guitar solos, pounding drums and thundering bass. Vocals were often strong and bold and had a dark or satanic emphasis. During the formative 1970s, there were a few bands that adopted the metal tropes, including Judas Priest. By the end of the 1970s, a new wave of British heavy metal (NWOBHM) was spearheaded by bands such as Iron Maiden, Def Leppard, Saxon and UFO. Although more rock than metal, Motörhead played their part in promoting heavy rock to audiences. The sub‑culture surrounding heavy metal grew alongside the music with fans branded as ‘headbangers’ with a dress code not unlike the rockers of the previous decade but taken further. By 1984 and the release of the mockumentary film ‘This Is Spinal Tap’, metal had reached a point of self‑parody. During the 1980s and beyond, metal gave birth to sub‑genres including hair metal (Van Halen, Bon Jovi and Mötley Crüe), thrash metal (Metallica, Slayer, Anthrax and Megadeth), groove metal (Pantera, Blackstone Cherry and White Zombie), industrial (Rammstein and Marilyn Manson), alternative metal (Alter Bridge, Avenged Sevenfold, Slipknot, Deftones, Tool and Queensryche) and nu‑metal (Linkin Park, Limp Bizkit, Papa Roach, Korn and Disturbed), amongst many others such as glam metal, progressive metal, black metal, doom metal, death metal, power metal, metalcore, Christian metal, etc. Possibly more than any other style of music, heavy metal has proliferated sub‑genres.

Glam rock is a relatively short‑lived offshoot of rock music that developed in the early 1970s, particularly in the UK. Glam rock’s heyday was roughly between 1970 and 1975. The music was tightly interwoven with flamboyant and colourful fashions, being performed by musicians who wore outrageous costumes, stark makeup and pronounced hairstyles. The impact of the symbolism was to blur the traditional gender stereotyping that was prevalent before 1970. The visuals often extended to custom instruments used by some artists. Although it may not appear obvious, glam rock influenced subsequent genres such as punk rock, new romantics, Goth rock and new wave that followed. Significant artists included Marc Bolan and T.Rex, David Bowie, Queen, Sweet, Slade, Elton John, Mud, Roxy Music and Gary Glitter. Although its impact was lower profile in the USA, artists such as Alice Cooper, New York Dolls and Iggy Pop adapted glam imagery for their own purposes.

Reggae emanated from Jamaica in the late 1960s and significantly became popular internationally during the 1970s. Reggae evolved from ska and a transitional form between ska and reggae called rocksteady. Reggae is distinctive in that it has a 4/4 rhythm with the drum marking the 3rd beat of the bar with a guitar or keyboard staccato ‘skank’ on the 2nd and 4th (off) beats of the bar. Reggae is also often associated with strong and heavy rhythmic bass lines, sometimes complemented by horn arrangements. Reggae is often but not exclusively connected to Rastafarianism which also features strongly in many reggae songs, as does the use of marijuana. Roots reggae refers to its African roots and the black diaspora. Jamaican record producers also played a strong part in moulding the sound of reggae and developed a complete sub‑genre known as ‘versions’ or dub reggae that used production techniques to remove vocals and remix instrumental elements of drum, bass and guitar. Dub reggae was often played on loud PA sound systems. Key producers include Lee ‘Scratch’ Perry, King Tubby, Mad Professor and Scientist. Reggae has been successfully exported worldwide, although the UK remains a key consumer market. One of the major artists who not only popularised commercial reggae globally but also acted as an ambassador for Jamaica was Bob Marley who, with his band, The Wailers became an international icon. Other major artists also include Peter Tosh, Toots & The Maytals, Burning Spear, Augustus Pablo, Horace Andy, I‑Roy, U‑Roy, The Abyssinians, Black Uhuru, Sly & Robbie, The Upsetters, Desmond Decker, Jimmy Cliff, Johnny Nash, Third World, Gregory Isaacs and many others. British reggae artists include Aswad, Steel Pulse, Linton Kwesi Johnson and UB40. After Bob Marley’s death, the genre diversified into other forms, such as dancehall and ragga.

The origins of rap and hip hop music derived from vocal a cappella rapping and African American urban street music originating in New York house and block parties in the Bronx during the early 1970s. The largely vernacular spoken rhyming lyrics were backed by rhythmic percussive soul, funk and disco beats of the period. The sub‑culture expanded by the late 1970s to include MCing, DJ scratching, sampling and beatboxing frequently using drum machines. Also associated with rapping were break dancing, urban graffiti art and aggressive gangland/gun culture. The broader cultural definition has become widely known as hip hop, which is the current common categorisation. Early practitioners included Grandmaster Flash & The Furious Five, the Sugarhill Gang and Afrika Bambaataa. The genre spread widely during the ‘golden age of hip hop’ from the 1980s up to the early 1990s spawning many sub‑genres, often associated with the region or country. For instance, there was intense rivalry between U.S. West Coast and East Coast hip hop during the 1990s, coining the term ‘gangsta rap’. Hip hop became massively influential in many other mainstream musical genres who adapted the rhyming lyrical style and sparse percussive beats. Despite a decline in the mid‑2000s, hip hop is now a global phenomenon with numerous offshoots and diverse styles. While its origins are African American, a few white artists have been successful including the Beastie Boys and Eminem. There are way too many hip hop artists to mention all of them. However, they include Run-D.M.C., LL Cool J, Public Enemy, A Tribe Called Quest, De La Soul, Ice‑T, Ice Cube, Snoop Dogg, Cypress Hill, N.W.A., The Notorious B.I.G., Tupac Shakur, Wu-Tang Clan, Dr. Dre, 50 Cent, OutKast, Jay‑Z and Kanye West among many others.

Like other musical forms, funk and disco adapted from previous genres, becoming mainstream during the 1970s. Funk emerged from African American communities and mixed soul, jazz and R&B. Funk is recognisable by have an addictively danceable groove. Funk focused on a strong first beat of the bar and was driven by strong insistent bass and drum rhythms. Funk artists included James Brown, Sly & The Family Stone, Parliament/Funkadelic, Chaka Khan, Earth Wind & Fire and Kool & The Gang. Later, artists like Rick James and Prince would adopt funk as a key ingredient in their dance‑fused arrangements. Funk tends to be more musically complex than its sister genre, disco. Disco originated in America and rapidly spread to the UK. It is associated with urban nightclubs and DJs mixing dance records through loud sound systems to audiences in clubs and discothèques. Discos also used complex light and strobes to emphasise the beat. Disco is a heavily produced bass and drum‑driven 4/4 rhythm, often using electronic instruments to add syncopation. Disco’s core rationale was music to dance to, so disco dancing became very popular. Culturally, disco is also associated with fashion, drug use and promiscuity. Disco artists included Gloria Gaynor, The Bee Gees, Donna Summer, The Village People, Sylvester and Chic. Disco was hugely influential on later dance genres such as house, techno, drum ‘n’ bass and rave. Like many other broad genres, funk and disco have diversified into many other related sub‑genres over the years.

Widespread social dissatisfaction and a rejection of established musical forms on both sides of the Atlantic during the mid‑1970s led to the emergence of punk rock. Loud, brash, nihilistic and stripped‑back arrangements performed mainly on guitar, bass and drums were used to support often angry and alienated anti‑establishment lyrics. The result was short, sharp bursts of controversial and provocative music. The emergence of punk in America is associated with artists such as Television, Patti Smith and Ramones, building on the work of proto‑punk bands like Velvet Underground, New York Dolls and Iggy & The Stooges. Meanwhile a parallel evolution in the UK was epitomised by bands such as Sex Pistols, The Clash, The Damned, Buzzcocks, Sham 69 and The Ruts. As with many other music‑related sub‑cultures, punk led to distinctive fashions (Vivienne Westwood), art (Jamie Reid) and agressive attitudes. The anarchic punk movement spread rapidly and by 1977 was pervasive in many westernised countries. As popularity increased and punk sensibilities were adopted by the commercial mainstream, the essential ethos of punk imploded and was overtaken by the music business machinery that, ironically, was punk’s original anathema. The demise of chaotic punk rock principles led to post‑punk sub‑genres that expanded its appeal beyond the original audience, including artists like Joy Division, Bauhaus, Siouxsie & the Banshees, Ian Dury, The Cure and The Sisters Of Mercy. Punk in its purest form could not and did not last long. However, it was very influential in subsequent styles such as new wave, new romantic, emo and Goth sub‑genres. Live music venues were very important for audiences to experience the visceral nature of punk rock first hand, including CBGBs in New York and the Marquee in London. Punk saw a revival in the 1990s with bands like Green Day, Blink‑182 and The Offspring but it was far more commercial and lacking the authenticity of the original.

Musical Facts 1970-1979

Day

Month

Year

Music Fact

26

January

1970

American folk rock duo Paul Simon and Art Garfunkel released their 5th and final classic studio album, ‘Bridge Over Troubled Water’.

3

February

1970

Multi-talented American guitarist, singer, songwriter, producer, solo artist and member of rock super group The Winery Dogs, Richie Kotzen was born in Reading, Pennsylvania.

13

February

1970

English heavy metal legends Black Sabbath released their classic, game-changing self-titled debut album, ‘Black Sabbath’ in the UK (NB. appropriately on Friday 13th).

14

February

1970

English rock band The Who performed a concert at Leeds University. The show was recorded and released as the band’s first official live album, ‘Live At Leeds’.

5

March

1970

American guitarist, former member of rock band Red Hot Chili Peppers and solo artist, John Frusciante was born in New York City.

9

March

1970

After changing their name from Earth, English heavy metal rock band Black Sabbath performed their debut live concert at the Roundhouse in London.

22

March

1970

Marc Bolan and Tyrannosaurus Rex released their last studio album before transforming into glam rockers T.Rex, ‘A Beard of Stars’.

10

April

1970

English singer, songwriter and bass guitarist, Paul McCartney issued a press statement that he was leaving The Beatles, signalling the band’s break up.

21

April

1970

American Chicago blues guitarist Earl Hooker died of complications from tuberculosis in Chicago, Illinois at the age of 40.

1

May

1970

English guitarist, singer, songwriter, producer and former member of indie rock band Suede, Bernard Butler was born in London.

3

May

1970

English rock band The Who released their classic live album, ‘Live At Leeds in the UK.

8

May

1970

Legendary English pop/rock band The Beatles released what would be the group’s 12th and final studio album, ‘Let It Be’, after the band split up.

3

June

1970

British heavy rock band Deep Purple released their classic breakout studio album, ‘Deep Purple in Rock’ in the UK.

5

June

1970

English heavy rock band Deep Purple released their breakthrough hit single ‘Black Night’ in the UK.

6

June

1970

American rhythm guitarist and co-founder of Nu-Metal rock band Korn, James Shaffer (a.k.a. Munky) was born in Bakersfield, California.

8

July

1970

Innovative and massively talented American alternative rock singer, songwriter, guitarist and producer, Beck was born in Los Angeles, California.

18

July

1970

London hosted the third Free Concert held in Hyde Park featuring Pink Floyd, Roy Harper, Kevin Ayers, and the Edgar Broughton Band.

14

August

1970

English psychedelic space rock band Hawkwind released their debut studio album, the eponymous, ‘Hawkwind’.

23

August

1970

American singer, songwriter and guitarist Lou Reed performed his final live concert appearance with The Velvet Underground (bar reunions) at Max’s Kansas City rock club in Manhattan, New York City.

26

August

1970

The famous Isle of Wight Festival began at Afton Down, attracting between 600,000 and 700,000 attendees, the largest open air music festival of its kind. Tickets for the weekend cost £3.

28

August

1970

Well over half a million people attended the 3rd day of the UK’s famous Isle of Wight Festival to see artists including Taste, Chicago, Family and Procol Harum.

29

August

1970

The 4th day of the massive Isle of Wight Festival continued starring Joni Mitchell, Miles Davis, Ten Years After, ELP, The Doors, The Who and Sly & The Family Stone.

30

August

1970

The 5th and final day of the gigantic Isle of Wight Festival took place starring Jethro Tull, Jimi Hendrix, Joan Baez, Leonard Cohen and Richie Havens.

4

September

1970

English rock group The Rolling Stones released their classic live album, ‘Get Yer Ya-Ya’s Out’ in the UK.

6

September

1970

Legendary American rock guitarist Jimi Hendrix played his final live concert at the Isle of Fehmarn in Germany.

11

September

1970

American rock guitarist, singer and songwriter Jimi Hendrix gave his final interview for the UK weekly music magazine New Musical Express (NME).

12

September

1970

London hosted the fourth Free Concert held in Hyde Park (the 2nd that year) featuring Canned Heat, Eric Burdon and War, John Sebastian, Michael Chapman, Stoneground and others.

18

September

1970

Legendary American rock guitarist, singer and songwriter, Jimi Hendrix died tragically of asphyxia in his London flat at the age of 27.

18

September

1970

Pioneering English heavy metal rock band, Black Sabbath released their classic sophomore studio album, ‘Paranoid’ in the UK.

19

September

1970

The very first Glastonbury Pop, Folk & Blues Festival took place at Worthy Farm, Pilton, Somerset, UK, attended by approximately 1,700 people.

19

September

1970

Canadian singer, songwriter and guitarist Neil Young released his classic 3rd studio album, ‘After The Gold Rush’.

1

October

1970

American guitarist Jimi Hendrix’s funeral service took place at Dunlap Baptist Church in his hometown of Seattle before he was buried at the Greenwood Cemetery in Renton, also in Seattle.

2

October

1970

English glam rock band Marc Bolan and T.Rex released their classic breakout hit single ‘Ride A White Swan’ in the UK.

2

October

1970

English progressive rock band, Pink Floyd released their 4th studio album, ‘Atom Heart Mother’ in the UK.

4

October

1970

Respected American rock, soul and blues singer Janis Joplin was found dead following an accidental heroin overdose in Los Angeles, California at the age of 27.

5

October

1970

English heavy rock band Led Zeppelin released their classic 3rd studio album, ‘Led Zeppelin III’ in the UK.

10

October

1970

English heavy metal rock band, Black Sabbath had their classic 2nd studio album, ‘Paranoid’ reach No. 1 in the UK album chart.

23

October

1970

The Jimi Hendrix Experience released the song ‘Voodoo Child (Slight Return)’ shortly after the guitarist’s untimely death. It reached number 1 in the UK singles chart.

23

October

1970

English progressive rock band Genesis released their breakout studio album, ‘Trespass’ in the UK.

1

November

1970

Legendary American psychedelic rock band Grateful Dead released their classic 5th studio album, ‘American Beauty’.

4

November

1970

English singer and songwriter David Bowie released his classic 3rd studio album, ‘The Man Who Sold the World’ in the UK.

6

November

1970

Emerging American rock band Aerosmith made their debut live appearance in the gymnasium at what was Nipmuc Regional High School (now Miscoe Hill Middle School) in Mendon, Massachusetts.

9

November

1970

American blues/rock guitarist, singer and member of the Tedeschi Trucks Band along with hubby, Derek Trucks, Susan Tedeschi was born in Boston, Massachusetts.

15

November

1970

American alternative rock band, The Velvet Underground released their 4th and possibly most commercial studio album, ‘Loaded’.

27

November

1970

Former member of English rock band The Beatles, George Harrison released his hugely successful solo triple studio album, ‘All Things Must Pass’ in the UK.

11

December

1970

English singer, songwriter and guitarist, Marc Bolan and T.Rex released the first post-Tyrannosaurus Rex studio album, ‘T.Rex’ in the UK.

11

December

1970

English singer and songwriter John Lennon released his post-Beatles solo album, ‘John Lennon/Plastic Ono Band’ in the UK.

12

December

1970

American rock band, The Doors played their final live concert with singer Jim Morrison at the Warehouse in New Orleans, Louisiana.

16

January

1971

American blues rock band, ZZ Top, released their debut studio album, ‘ZZ Top’s First Album’ in the UK.

17

March

1971

Renowned Canadian singer, songwriter and poet, Leonard Cohen released his classic 3rd studio album, ‘Songs of Love and Hate’ in the UK.

19

March

1971

English progressive rock band Jethro Tull released their classic 4th studio album, ‘Aqualung’ in the UK.

16

April

1971

English blues rock band The Rolling Stones released their huge hit single, ‘Brown Sugar’, taken from the album, ‘Sticky Fingers’.

23

April

1971

The Rolling Stones released what was probably their career peak 9th studio album, ‘Sticky Fingers’.

29

April

1971

American rock band, The Doors released their massive 6th studio album, ‘L.A. Woman’, including the classic single, ‘Riders On The Storm’, recorded shortly before singer, Jim Morrison’s death.

22

June

1971

The second Glastonbury Festival took place in Pilton, Somerset, UK, attended by c.12,000 fans. Artists included Hawkwind, Traffic, David Bowie, Joan Baez, Fairport Convention, Quintessence and Melanie.

2

July

1971

English glam rock group T.Rex, led by the late Marc Bolan, released their classic hit single ‘Get It On’.

3

July

1971

American singer, poet and member of rock band The Doors, Jim Morrison died from reported heart failure at an apartment in Paris, France at the age of 27.

6

July

1971

American jazz trumpeter and singer, Louis Armstrong died of a heart attack in a New York hospital at the age of 69.

31

July

1971

American guitarist known for his work with heavy rock bands Marilyn Manson and Rob Zombie, as well as a solo artist, John Lowery (a.k.a. John 5) was born in Grosse Pointe, Michigan.

25

August

1971

English rock band, The Who, released their 5th studio album, ‘Who’s Next’ in the UK.

9

September

1971

English singer, songwriter, guitarist and former Beatle, John Lennon released his career-defining solo studio album, ‘Imagine’ in the UK.

15

September

1971

English heavy rock band, Deep Purple released their flaming hot 5th studio album, ‘Fireball’ in the UK.

21

September

1971

UK broadcaster, the BBC aired their highly regarded long-running contemporary music TV programme, ‘The Old Grey Whistle Test’ for the first time.

8

October

1971

English psychedelic space rock band Hawkwind, released their 2nd studio album ‘In Search Of Space’ in the UK.

29

October

1971

American guitarist and co-founder of rock band The Allman Brothers Band, Duane Allman died tragically in a motorcycle accident in Macon, Georgia at the age of 24.

30

October

1971

English former member of The Beatles, John Lennon had his classic solo studio album, ‘Imagine’ reach number 1 in the UK album chart.

1

November

1971

The classic hit single ‘Jeepster’ was released, performed by English glam rock pioneer Marc Bolan and T.Rex, reaching No. 2 in the UK singles chart.

1

November

1971

British guitarist, singer and songwriter John Martyn released his classic 3rd solo album ‘Bless The Weather’ in the UK.

5

November

1971

Supremely versatile English lead guitarist with alternative rock band Radiohead, Jonny Greenwood was born in Oxford.

8

November

1971

English hard rock band Led Zeppelin released their classic multi-million-selling 4th studio album, ‘Led Zeppelin IV’ in the UK, which included the track, ‘Stairway To Heaven’.

12

November

1971

English progressive rock band Genesis released their ambitious 3rd studio album, ‘Nursery Cryme’ in the UK.

13

November

1971

English progressive rock band Pink Floyd released their outstanding 6th studio album, ‘Meddle’ in the UK.

4

December

1971

The Montreux Casino in Switzerland, built in 1881, burnt down during a Frank Zappa gig, inspiring Deep Purple’s classic rock song, ‘Smoke On The Water’.

17

December

1971

Legendary English rock singer, songwriter and actor, David Bowie released his classic 4th studio album, ‘Hunky Dory’ in the UK.

27

December

1971

Remarkable English guitarist with The Aristocrats and noted guitar teacher, Guthrie Govan was born in Chelmsford, Essex.

21

January

1972

English glam rockers Marc Bolan with T.Rex released the classic hit single ‘Telegram Sam’ in the UK.

10

February

1972

English glam rock singer David Bowie made his debut live appearance as his legendary alter-ego, Ziggy Stardust at the Toby Jug pub in London.

17

February

1972

American singer, songwriter, guitarist, front man and co‑founder of pop punk rock band Green Day, Billie Joe Armstrong was born in Oakland, California.

25

February

1972

English singer, songwriter and guitarist, Nick Drake, released his sublime 3rd and final studio album, ‘Pink Moon’.

25

February

1972

Legendary Canadian singer, songwriter and guitarist, Neil Young, released his classic 4th studio album, ‘Harvest’.

3

March

1972

English progressive rock band Jethro Tull released their classic 5th studio album, ‘Thick As A Brick’ in the UK.

25

March

1972

English heavy rock band Deep Purple released their classic 6th studio album, ‘Machine Head’ in the UK, which included the track, ‘Smoke On The Water’.

29

April

1972

English hard rock band Wishbone Ash released their career-defining classic 3rd studio album, ‘Argus’.

5

May

1972

English glam rockers, Marc Bolan and T.Rex released their classic hit single ‘Metal Guru’ in the UK.

12

May

1972

English rock band, The Rolling Stones released their massive 10th studio double album, ‘Exile On Main Street’.

6

June

1972

English glam rock singer and songwriter, David Bowie released his classic 5th studio album, ‘The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders From Mars’.

3

July

1972

American country blues guitarist, Mississippi Fred McDowell died from cancer in Memphis, Tennessee at the age of 66.

23

July

1972

British glam rock band, Marc Bolan and T.Rex released their classic studio album ‘The Slider’ in the UK.

8

September

1972

British glam rock star Marc Bolan and his band T.Rex released the classic hit single ‘Children Of The Revolution’.

11

October

1972

Mexican-American guitarist Carlos Santana with his band released their classic 4th studio album, ‘Caravanserai’.

17

October

1972

American rapper and hip-hop artist, Eminem was born as Marshall Bruce Mathers III, a.k.a. ‘Slim Shady’ in St. Joseph, Missouri.

10

December

1972

British singer, songwriter, guitarist and co-founder of alternative rock band Placebo, Brian Molko was born in Brussels, Belgium.

5

January

1973

American rock band, Aerosmith, released their eponymous debut studio album, ‘Aerosmith’.

5

January

1973

American singer and songwriter Bruce Springsteen released his debut studio album, ‘Greetings From Asbury Park, N.J.’.

30

January

1973

After changing their name to KISS, the American rock band made their debut live performance in Queens, New York.

1

February

1973

British singer, songwriter and guitarist, John Martyn released his classic 4th solo studio album, the sublime and career-defining, ‘Solid Air’.

7

February

1973

American proto punk rock band Iggy The Stooges released their hugely influential 3rd studio album, ‘Raw Power’.

8

February

1973

Max Yasgur, who owned the New York dairy farm on which the legendary Woodstock Festival was held in August 1969, died from a heart attack in Florida at the age of 53.

23

February

1973

English pop/rock band Slade released their classic hit single, ‘Cum On Feel The Noize’ in the UK.

2

March

1973

British glam rockers, Marc Bolan and T.Rex released their classic hit single ‘20th Century Boy’ in the UK.

16

March

1973

English progressive rock group Pink Floyd released their career pinnacle 8th studio album, ‘The Dark Side Of The Moon’ in the UK.

23

March

1973

English progressive rock band King Crimson released their 5th studio album, ‘Larks’ Tongues in Aspic’.

28

March

1973

British heavy rock band Led Zeppelin released their 5th studio album, ‘Houses Of The Holy’ in the UK.

12

April

1973

English glam rock singer, David Bowie released his milestone classic 6th studio album, ‘Aladdin Sane’ in the UK.

13

April

1973

Jamaican Reggae legends, Bob Marley & The Wailers released their classic 4th studio album ‘Catch A Fire’ in the UK.

17

May

1973

American singer, songwriter, guitarist, producer, actor and founder of rock bands Queens Of The Stone Age and Eagles Of Death Metal, Josh Homme was born in Joshua Tree, California.

25

May

1973

Richard Branson’s Virgin Records label was launched, marked by the release of Mike Oldfield’s seminal studio album, ‘Tubular Bells’.

18

June

1973

American folk rock singer, songwriter and guitarist, Ray LaMontagne was born in New Hampshire.

22

June

1973

English glam rock singer David Bowie released his classic hit single, ‘Life On Mars?’, with ‘The Man Who Sold the World’ on the B-side.

3

July

1973

English glam rock star David Bowie announced that his iconic on-stage persona, Ziggy Stardust was to retire (not Bowie himself, as was widely reported in the press).

13

July

1973

English rock/pop band Queen released their great debut studio album in the UK, the eponymous ‘Queen’.

15

July

1973

American bluegrass and country rock guitarist, a member of rock band The Byrds and an accomplished session musician, Clarence White died in a car accident in Palmdale, California at the age of 29.

26

July

1973

American southern blues/rock power trio ZZ Top released their critically acclaimed 3rd studio album, ‘Tres Hombres’.

6

August

1973

Influential American blues singer, songwriter and guitarist Memphis Minnie (real name Lizzie Douglas) died from a stroke in a nursing home in Memphis, Tennessee at the age of 76.

13

August

1973

American southern rock band, Lynyrd Skynyrd released their storming debut album, ‘(pronounced ‘lĕh-‘nérd ‘skin-‘nérd)’, featuring their career-defining signature song, ‘Freebird’.

11

September

1973

American rock singer, songwriter and guitarist, Bruce Springsteen released his sophomore studio album, ‘The Wild, the Innocent & the E Street Shuffle’.

19

September

1973

American guitarist with country rock band The Byrds, Gram Parsons died of a drug overdose in Joshua Tree, California at the age of 26.

20

September

1973

American folk/rock guitarist, singer and songwriter, Jim Croce died tragically along with 5 others in a plane crash in Natchitoches, Louisiana at the age of 30.

1

October

1973

British singer, songwriter and guitarist John Martyn released his remarkable change of direction 5th studio album, ‘Inside Out’ in the UK.

9

October

1973

Influential American blues singer, songwriter and guitarist Sister Rosetta Tharpe died from a stroke in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania at the age of 58.

12

October

1973

English progressive rock band Genesis released their classic 5th studio album, ‘Selling England By The Pound’.

19

October

1973

Jamaican reggae legends (Bob Marley &) The Wailers released their classic studio album, ‘Burnin’’ in the UK.

19

October

1973

English singer and songwriter David Bowie released his 7th studio album comprising cover songs, ‘Pin Ups’ in the UK.

26

October

1973

English rock band, The Who, released their classic 6th studio double album; the rock opera and ode to the UK’s mod movement, ‘Quadrophenia’.

11

November

1973

Legendary Irish blues/rock guitarist, Rory Gallagher, released his 4th studio album, ‘Tattoo’ in the UK.

1

December

1973

English heavy metal band Black Sabbath released their 5th studio album, ‘Sabbath Bloody Sabbath’.

5

December

1973

English former member of The Beatles, Paul McCartney and Wings released his 5th and most successful ‘solo’ studio album, ‘Band On The Run’ in the UK.

10

December

1973

The legendary New York alternative, punk and New Wave music venue at 315 Bowery, Manhattan, CBGB & OMFUG, was opened by club owner Hilly Kristal.

31

December

1973

Australian heavy rock band AC/DC made their debut live performance at a local bar in Sydney, Australia.

17

January

1974

Legendary American guitarist, singer and songwriter Bob Dylan released the studio album recorded with The Band, ‘Planet Waves’.

15

February

1974

British hard rock band, Deep Purple released their classic 8th studio album, ‘Burn’ in the UK.

20

February

1974

American jazz rock band Steely Dan released their critically well-received and commercially successful classic 3rd studio album, ‘Pretzel Logic’.

8

March

1974

English rock band, Queen released their classic 2nd studio album, ‘Queen II’ in the UK.

15

April

1974

American southern rock group, Lynyrd Skynyrd released their classic breakout 2nd studio album ‘Second Helping’.

17

April

1974

Swedish guitarist, singer and songwriter with progressive death metal rock band Opeth, Mikael Åkerfeldt was born in Stockholm.

18

April

1974

Accomplished American guitarist, singer and songwriter with rock bands Creed, Alter Bridge and as a solo artist, Mark Tremonti was born in Detroit, Michigan.

24

April

1974

English glam rock legend, David Bowie released his classic 8th studio album, ‘Diamond Dogs’ in the UK.

1

June

1974

Talented Canadian singer, songwriter, guitarist, producer, activist and actress Alanis Morissette was born in Ottawa, Ontario.

15

June

1974

English rock super group Bad Company released their self‑titled debut studio album, ‘Bad Company’ in the UK.

1

July

1974

English blues/rock guitarist, singer and songwriter Eric Clapton released his classic 2nd studio album, ‘461 Ocean Boulevard’.

21

July

1974

Highly acclaimed Irish blues/rock guitarist Rory Gallagher released his hugely successful live album, ‘Irish Tour ‘74’.

29

July

1974

Perennial Canadian singer, songwriter and guitarist Neil Young released his classic 5th studio album, ‘On The Beach’.

16

August

1974

American punk rock band Ramones played their first live concert at the legendary CBGB & OMFUG music venue in New York City.

6

September

1974

English space rock band, Hawkwind, released their classic 4th studio album, ‘Hall of the Mountain Grill’.

14

September

1974

English guitarist, singer and songwriter Eric Clapton released his cover of Bob Marley’s ‘I Shot The Sherriff’ as a single, which reached number 1 in the U.S.

6

October

1974

English progressive rock band King Crimson released their 7th studio album, ‘Red’.

12

October

1974

American punk rock band Blondie made their first appearance at the legendary CBGB & OMFUG music venue in New York City.

25

October

1974

Jamaican reggae legends, Bob Marley & The Wailers released their studio album, ‘Natty Dread’ in the UK, the first Wailers’ album to bear Marley’s name in the title.

29

October

1974

Hugely impressive American blues/rock guitarist, Eric Gales was born in Memphis, Tennessee.

8

November

1974

English rock band Queen moved in a more commercial direction and released their successful 3rd studio album, ‘Sheer Heart Attack’ in the UK.

18

November

1974

English progressive rock band Genesis released their 6th studio double concept album, and their final LP with singer Peter Gabriel, ‘The Lamb Lies Down on Broadway’.

25

November

1974

English singer, songwriter and guitarist, Nick Drake died from a drug overdose at his home in Tanworth-in-Arden, Warwickshire at the age of 26.

28

November

1974

English former Beatle, John Lennon made his final live appearance, joining Elton John on stage at Madison Square Garden in New York City.

16

December

1974

After 5 years as a member of The Rolling Stones, English guitarist, Mick Taylor announced that he was leaving the band.

17

January

1975

English former member of The Beatles John Lennon released his classic solo covers album, ‘Rock ‘n’ Roll’ in the UK.

18

January

1975

American jazz, blues and country rock guitarist, Johnny Hiland was born, growing up in Maine.

20

January

1975

Legendary American guitarist, singer and songwriter, Bob Dylan released his renaissance studio album, ‘Blood On The Tracks’ in the UK.

24

January

1975

Influential and pioneering British singer, songwriter and guitarist John Martyn released his 6th studio album, ‘Sunday’s Child’.

7

February

1975

American guitarist and member of nu-metal band Limp Bizkit and Black Light Burns, Wes Borland was born in Richmond, Virginia.

17

February

1975

Australian hard rock band, AC/DC released their debut studio album, ‘High Voltage’.

24

February

1975

English heavy rock band, Led Zeppelin released their epic 6th studio double album, ‘Physical Graffiti’.

7

March

1975

English singer, songwriter and true rock legend, David Bowie released his change of direction classic 9th studio album, the soul-oriented ‘Young Americans’ in the UK.

11

March

1975

English pop/art/rock band 10cc released their hugely successful 3rd studio album, ‘The Original Soundtrack’ in the UK.

16

March

1975

American blues legend, Aaron Thibeaux ‘T-Bone’ Walker died from pneumonia following a stroke in Los Angeles, California at the age of 64.

17

March

1975

English singer, songwriter and guitarist, best known as member of hard rock band The Darkness, Justin Hawkins was born in Chertsey, Surrey.

29

March

1975

Experimental virtuoso English rock guitarist, Jeff Beck released his seminal and commercially successful 2nd solo album, ‘Blow By Blow’ in the UK.

2

April

1975

English super group Bad Company released their classic sophomore studio album, ‘Straight Shooter’.

8

April

1975

American hard rock band Aerosmith released one of their most successful records, their 3rd studio album, ‘Toys In The Attic’, including the hit track, ‘Walk This Way’.

9

May

1975

English space rock perennials, Hawkwind, released their 5th studio album ‘Warrior On The Edge Of Time’ in the UK.

23

May

1975

English pop/rock band 10cc released their superbly written and produced massive hit single, ‘I’m Not In Love’.

20

June

1975

Canadian singer, songwriter and guitarist Neil Young released his classic 6th studio album, ‘Tonight’s The Night’.

23

June

1975

Hugely talented Scottish multi-genre singer, songwriter and guitarist, KT Tunstall was born in Edinburgh.

29

June

1975

Influential American singer, songwriter and guitarist Tim Buckley died from a drug overdose in Los Angeles, California, at the age of 28.

9

July

1975

Mercurial American singer, songwriter and flamboyant guitarist with The White Stripes, The Dead Weather and The Raconteurs, as well as solo artist, Jack White was born in Detroit, Michigan.

11

July

1975

British/American rock band Fleetwood Mac released their self-titled 10th studio album, ‘Fleetwood Mac’.

17

July

1975

Jamaican reggae icons, Bob Marley And The Wailers performed the first of 2 live concerts at London’s Lyceum. The concerts were recorded for the classic live album, ‘Live!’

25

July

1975

English singer and songwriter, David Bowie released his hit single, ‘Fame’, co-written with Carlos Alomar and with backing vocals by John Lennon. It was reportedly a jibe at Bowie’s artist management.

16

August

1975

English singer and songwriter Peter Gabriel announced that he was leaving Genesis, the progressive rock band he co‑founded.

25

August

1975

American rock icon Bruce Springsteen released his massively successful 3rd studio album, ‘Born To Run’.

1

September

1975

British singer, songwriter and guitarist John Martyn released his masterful live concert album, ‘Live At Leeds’.

5

September

1975

English progressive rock band Jethro Tull released their 8th studio album, ‘Minstrel In The Gallery’ in the UK (8 September in the U.S.).

12

September

1975

English progressive rock band, Pink Floyd released their massive classic 7th studio album, ‘Wish You Were Here’.

23

October

1975

English singer and songwriter, Elton John received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 6915 Hollywood Boulevard.

6

November

1975

British punk rock band, Sex Pistols made their debut live performance as a support act in the Common Room of Saint Martin’s School Of Art at Charing Cross Road in central London.

10

November

1975

Canadian singer, songwriter and guitarist, Neil Young with his band Crazy Horse released the classic 7th studio album, ‘Zuma’.

2

December

1975

English pop/rock band Queen released their 4th studio album, ‘A Night At The Opera’, including the massive hit single ‘Bohemian Rhapsody’.

5

December

1975

Jamaican reggae legends Bob Marley And The Wailers released their classic live album, ‘Live!’ recorded at London’s Lyceum Theatre on 17 & 18 July 1975.

13

December

1975

American punk rock singer, beat poet and political activist, Patti Smith released her classic anti‑establishment debut studio album, ‘Horses’, produced by John Cale.

13

December

1975

American guitarist, singer, songwriter, producer and co‑founder of pop punk rock band Blink-182, Tom DeLonge was born in Poway, California.

20

December

1975

American guitarist Joe Walsh joined the country rock band Eagles, replacing former band guitarist Bernie Leadon.

5

January

1976

Renowned American guitarist, singer and songwriter, Bob Dylan released his classic mid-career studio album, ‘Desire’ in the UK.

10

January

1976

American blues legend Howlin’ Wolf died from complications of kidney surgery in Hines, Illinois at the age of 65.

23

January

1976

Legendary English rock singer and songwriter, David Bowie released his classic 10th studio album, ‘Station To Station’.

9

March

1976

Country music legend Johnny Cash received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 6320 Hollywood Boulevard.

18

March

1976

The classic sci-fi film ‘The Man Who Fell To Earth’, directed by Nicolas Roeg and starring English singer David Bowie was released in the UK.

19

March

1976

English guitarist with rock band Free, Paul Kossoff died from a drug-related heart attack on a flight from Los Angeles to New York City at the age of 25.

21

March

1976

Guitar pioneer, innovator and entrepreneur, Adolph Rickenbacker died from cancer in Orange County, California at the age of 89.

23

March

1976

English heavy metal band Judas Priest released their classic sophomore studio album, ‘Sad Wings of Destiny’.

26

March

1976

Irish rock group, Thin Lizzy released their breakout classic 6th studio album, ‘Jailbreak’.

28

March

1976

American guitarist with rock group The Killers, Dave Keuning was born in Pella, Iowa.

31

March

1976

Legendary English heavy rock band Led Zeppelin released their 7th studio album, ‘Presence’.

3

April

1976

British pop group Brotherhood Of Man won the 21st Eurovision Song Contest with, ‘Save Your Kisses for Me’.

23

April

1976

American punk rock band, Ramones released their eponymous debut studio album, ‘Ramones’.

30

April

1976

Jamaican reggae legends, Bob Marley & The Wailers released their commercially successful studio album, ‘Rastaman Vibration’.

3

May

1976

American hard rock band, Aerosmith, released their 4th studio album, ‘Rocks’.

4

July

1976

British punk rock band The Clash made their live concert debut supporting the Sex Pistols at the Black Swan pub (known to locals as ‘The Mucky Duck’) in Sheffield, England.

27

July

1976

English singer, songwriter, guitarist and former member of The Beatles, John Lennon, finally had his application for permanent American residency approved by the U.S. Government.

31

July

1976

American hard rock band, Blue Öyster Cult released their signature tune and huge commercial hit, the classic single, ‘(Don’t Fear) The Reaper’.

29

August

1976

Exemplary American blues guitarist and singer, Jimmy Reed died from respiratory failure in Oakland, California at the age of 50.

13

September

1976

American southern rock band Lynyrd Skynyrd released their great live double album ‘One More From The Road’ in the US.

7

October

1976

Following an appeal hearing, English former member of The Beatles, John Lennon had his permanent residency of the USA confirmed.

8

October

1976

American jazz fusion pioneer and bass guitarist Stanley Clarke released his ground breaking studio album ‘School Days’.

22

October

1976

Influential American poet, singer, songwriter, artist and activist Patti Smith released her 2nd studio album, ‘Radio Ethiopia’.

24

October

1976

Legendary Irish guitarist, Rory Gallagher, released his classic 6th studio album, ‘Calling Card’.

25

November

1976

Canadian/American rock group, The Band, played their final concert in San Francisco, California, ‘The Last Waltz’, documented by filmmaker Martin Scorsese.

26

November

1976

English punk rock pioneers, Sex Pistols released their controversial debut single, ‘Anarchy In The UK’ on EMI Records.

2

December

1976

The photoshoot for the iconic album cover to Pink Floyd’s ‘Animals’ (released in 1977) took place at Battersea Power Station in London, complete with giant inflatable pig.

3

December

1976

Jamaican reggae star Bob Marley was wounded when gunmen shot him, his wife and manager at his home in Kingston. The incident was widely thought to be a politically motivated act.

5

December

1976

French electronic musician Jean Michel Jarre released his milestone 3rd studio album Oxygène in France.

8

December

1976

American country rock band Eagles released their top‑selling and career-defining classic 5th studio album, ‘Hotel California’.

12

December

1976

English guitarist with hard rock bands The Darkness and Stone Gods, Dan Hawkins was born in Chertsey, Surrey.

28

December

1976

American blues guitar legend, Freddie King died of complications from ulcers and acute pancreatitis in Texas at the age of 42.

14

January

1977

English rock singer David Bowie released his 11th studio album and the first part of his highly acclaimed ‘Berlin Trilogy’, ‘Low’ in the UK.

23

January

1977

Highly acclaimed English progressive rock band, Pink Floyd, released their 10th studio album, ‘Animals’, in the UK.

4

February

1977

Anglo-American rock band, Fleetwood Mac released their massive career-topping 11th studio album, ‘Rumours’ in the US.

26

February

1977

American delta blues guitarist and singer Booker T. Washington ‘Bukka’ White died from cancer in Memphis, Tennessee at the age of 67 or 70 (age disputed).

2

March

1977

English singer, songwriter, co-founder and front man of band Coldplay, Chris Martin was born in Exeter, Devon.

10

March

1977

English punk rock band Sex Pistols controversially ‘signed’ a short-lived recording contract with A&M Records outside Buckingham Palace in London.

21

March

1977

Australian hard blues/rock band, AC/DC, released their 4th studio album, ‘Let There Be Rock’.

8

April

1977

English punk rock band, The Clash released their classic eponymous debut studio album, ‘The Clash’. Often considered to be one of the finest British punk albums.

8

May

1977

Great American blues rock guitar maestro, Joe Bonamassa was born in New Hartford, New York.

27

May

1977

In the same year as Queen Elizabeth II’s Silver Jubilee, British punk pioneers Sex Pistols released their controversial 2nd single, ‘God Save The Queen’ in the UK.

31

May

1977

The BBC and the Independent Broadcasting Authority banned the Sex Pistols’ controversial single, ‘God Save The Queen’ from being played on UK radio for being “in gross bad taste”.

3

June

1977

Jamaican reggae icons Bob Marley & The Wailers released their career-defining massively successful 9th studio album, ‘Exodus’.

12

June

1977

Talented American blues/rock guitarist, singer and songwriter Kenny Wayne Shepherd was born in Shreveport Louisiana.

15

June

1977

English punk rock band Sex Pistols infamously performed ‘Anarchy In The UK’ aboard a party boat on the River Thames outside the Houses of Parliament in London.

20

June

1977

Canadian singer, songwriter and guitarist Neil Young released his 8th studio album, ‘American Stars ‘n Bars’.

30

June

1977

Marvel Comics published the first comic book with characters loosely based on members of the American rock band KISS.

2

July

1977

British punk rock pioneers Sex Pistols released their controversial 3rd single, ‘Pretty Vacant’ in the UK.

16

August

1977

American rock ‘n’ roll legend, Elvis Presley died from a drug-related heart attack in Memphis, Tennessee at the age of 42.

18

August

1977

The funeral of American singing legend, Elvis Presley took place at Forest Hill Cemetery in Memphis, Tennessee.

11

September

1977

Welsh guitarist and co-founder of rock band Coldplay, Jonny Buckland was born in London.

16

September

1977

Flamboyant English glam rock guitarist, singer and songwriter Marc Bolan of Tyrannosaurus Rex and later T.Rex died tragically in a car accident in London at the age of 29.

16

September

1977

American alternative rock band, Talking Heads, released their remarkable debut studio album, ‘Talking Heads: 77’.

23

September

1977

English singer and songwriter David Bowie released the single ‘Heroes’, which would become one of his greatest signature songs.

24

September

1977

English heavy rock band Motörhead released their debut studio album, the self-titled ‘Motörhead’ in the UK.

30

September

1977

English post-punk and new wave singer, songwriter and actor, Ian Dury released his debut studio album with The Blockheads, ‘New Boots And Panties!!’ in the UK.

30

September

1977

Fiery American blues/rock guitarist and member of Supersonic Blues Machine, Lance Lopez was born in Galveston, Texas.

7

October

1977

English guitarist Steve Hackett left progressive rock band Genesis to pursue a successful solo career.

12

October

1977

American singer, songwriter and guitarist Bruce Springsteen released his 4th studio album, ‘Darkness on the Edge of Town’.

14

October

1977

English singer and songwriter David Bowie released his 12th studio album, ‘Heroes’, the 2nd part of his famed ‘Berlin Trilogy’.

16

October

1977

Award-winning American blues/rock guitarist, singer, songwriter and producer John Mayer was born in Bridgeport, Connecticut.

17

October

1977

American southern rock band Lynyrd Skynyrd released their 5th studio album, ‘Street Survivors’, just days before the band’s tragic plane crash.

20

October

1977

Several members of American rock band Lynyrd Skynyrd, including singer Ronnie Van Zant, guitarist Steve Gaines and his sister, singer Cassie Gaines were among those tragically killed and injured in a plane crash near Gillsburgh, Mississippi.

21

October

1977

American rock band, Meat Loaf, released their best‑selling debut studio album, ‘Bat Out Of Hell’.

28

October

1977

English punk rock band, Sex Pistols released their controversial debut (and currently only) studio album, ‘Never Mind the Bollocks Here’s the Sex Pistols’.

4

November

1977

American punk rock pioneers, Ramones released their definitive 3rd studio album, ‘Rocket To Russia’.

4

November

1977

British guitarist, singer and songwriter John Martyn released his classic 7th solo studio album, ‘One World’ in the UK.

25

November

1977

English blues/rock guitarist, singer and songwriter Eric Clapton released his classic 5th studio album, ‘Slowhand’.

1

December

1977

American guitarist, producer and founding member of nu-metal rock band Linkin Park, Brad Delson was born in Agoura, California.

25

January

1978

After changing their name from Warsaw to Joy Division, the post-punk rock band made their first live performance in Manchester, UK.

6

February

1978

Influential Dutch/American guitarist, Eddie Van Halen released the eponymous debut studio album that launched the band’s career ‘Van Halen’.

10

February

1978

English heavy metal band Judas Priest released their classic 4th studio album, ‘Stained Class’.

3

March

1978

American punk rock singer, poet, activist and artist, Patti Smith released her classic 3rd studio album, ‘Easter’.

23

March

1978

Jamaican reggae legends, Bob Marley & The Wailers released their 9th studio album and follow up to the massive ‘Exodus’, ‘Kaya’.

5

April

1978

English new romantic and pop/rock band Duran Duran performed their debut live concert at Birmingham Polytechnic.

15

May

1978

Antipodean heavy rock band, AC/DC released their storming 5th studio album, ‘Powerage’.

19

May

1978

British rock band, Dire Straits released their breakout debut single, ‘Sultans of Swing’ in the UK.

2

June

1978

Irish rock band, Thin Lizzy released their massive live double album, ‘Live And Dangerous’ in the UK.

9

June

1978

Mercurial English guitarist, singer, songwriter and founding member of rock band Muse, Matt Bellamy was born in Cambridge.

7

July

1978

American indie rock band, Talking Heads, released their 2nd studio album, ‘More Songs About Buildings and Food’.

7

September

1978

English drummer with rock band The Who, Keith Moon, died of a drug overdose in London at the age of 31.

12

October

1978

English bass guitarist with the Sex Pistols, John Ritchie (a.k.a. Sid Vicious) was arrested for the murder of his girlfriend Nancy Spungen at the Chelsea Hotel in New York City.

30

October

1978

American punk rock band Blondie released their single ‘Hanging On The Telephone’, their first Top 10 hit in the UK singles chart.

2

November

1978

English post-punk rock band The Police released their astounding debut studio album, ‘Outlandos d’Amour’ in the UK.

11

November

1978

The first commercially available vinyl 7” single picture disc was released by the Elektra label, featuring The Cars, ‘My Best Friend’s Girl’.

23

November

1978

American singer, songwriter, artist and occasional guitarist with rock bands, The Kills and The Dead Weather, Alison Mosshart was born in Vero Beach, Florida.

2

January

1979

The trial of English bass guitarist with Sex Pistols, Sid Vicious, started in New York. He was accused of murdering his American girlfriend, Nancy Spungen in 1978.

31

January

1979

American virtuoso jazz guitarist Grant Green died of a heart attack while on the road in New York City at the age of 43.

2

February

1979

English bass guitarist of Sex Pistols, Sid Vicious (John Ritchie) died from a heroin overdose in New York City at the age of 21.

7

February

1979

American guitarist, singer and songwriter Stephen Stills became the first major rock artist to record tracks using digital studio equipment at the Record Plant in Los Angeles, California.

3

March

1979

American guitarist, singer and songwriter, Frank Zappa released his highly successful and humorous part studio, part live double album, ‘Sheik Yerbouti’.

12

March

1979

English singer, songwriter, guitarist and founding member of indie rock bands The Libertines and Babyshambles, Pete Doherty was born in Hexham, Northumberland.

24

March

1979

English rock band, Motörhead hit the mainstream with the release of their classic 2nd studio album, ‘Overkill’.

8

May

1979

English indie rock giants The Cure released their debut studio album, ‘Three Imaginary Boys’ in the UK.

14

May

1979

Great American guitarist, singer, songwriter, producer and member of blues rock band The Black Keys, Dan Auerbach was born in Akron, Ohio.

18

May

1979

Legendary English rock singer and songwriter David Bowie released his 13th studio album and the third part of his ‘Berlin Trilogy’, ‘Lodger’.

8

June

1979

American guitarist, songwriter, member of rock band The Allman Brothers Band and founder of The Derek Trucks Band, Derek Trucks was born in Jacksonville, Florida.

15

June

1979

English post-punk band Joy Division released their impressive debut studio album, ‘Unknown Pleasures’.

20

June

1979

English guitarist, singer, songwriter, former member of indie rock band Ash and then solo artist, Charlotte Hatherley was born in London.

29

June

1979

American singer, songwriter and guitarist with Little Feat, Lowell George died from a cocaine-related heart attack in Arlington, Virginia at the age of 34.

1

July

1979

Japanese technology company Sony launched the first Walkman portable media player, capable of playing Compact Cassettes while on the move.

27

July

1979

Australian hard rock band AC/DC released their classic 6th studio album, ‘Highway To Hell’.

3

August

1979

American alternative rock band Talking Heads released their classic 3rd studio album, ‘Fear Of Music’, produced by Brian Eno.

11

August

1979

English hard rock band Led Zeppelin played their final UK concert with their original line up at Knebworth Festival in Hertfordshire.

12

August

1979

American pop singer and songwriter Michael Jackson released his 5th studio album, ‘Off The Wall’, marking his status as a global superstar.

15

August

1979

English heavy rock band Led Zeppelin released their last album with their original group line up, ‘In Through The Out Door’.

24

August

1979

American guitarist Peter Frampton received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 6819 Hollywood Boulevard.

17

September

1979

American rock guitarist, singer, songwriter and composer Frank Zappa released his studio album, ‘Joe’s Garage Act I’. The first of 3 ‘parts’.

29

September

1979

English post-punk rock trio The Police had their first UK No.1 hit single with, ‘Message In A Bottle’, the band’s 3rd Top 20 hit.

2

October

1979

Jamaican reggae legends, Bob Marley & The Wailers released their studio album, ‘Survival’ in the UK.

2

October

1979

English post-punk rock band The Police released their massively commercial chart-topping 2nd studio album, ‘Reggatta de Blanc’ in the UK.

7

October

1979

English post-punk rock band Joy Division released their debut single ‘Transmission’ on Factory Records in the UK.

19

October

1979

Anglo-American rock group Fleetwood Mac released their divisive, experimental 12th studio album, ‘Tusk’ amidst reports of the band’s excess.

27

October

1979

English rock band Motörhead released their strong 3rd studio album, ‘Bomber’ in the UK, with the classic line up of Lemmy, Eddie Clarke and Phil Taylor.

19

November

1979

American rock guitarist, singer, songwriter and composer Frank Zappa released his classic studio double album, ‘Joe’s Garage Acts II & III’.

30

November

1979

English progressive rock band, Pink Floyd released their epic 11th studio double concept album, ‘The Wall’. Estimated worldwide sales are around 30 million copies.

14

December

1979

English punk rock band, The Clash released their mighty 3rd studio double album, ‘London Calling’ in the UK.

Tailpiece

That’s more than enough for now! Looking at the list of artists, it is a veritable roll call of modern music. Just contrast the albums that started and ended the decade to see how much irreversible change had occurred in just 10 years. For many, the 1970s was the last decade to witness truly fundamental changes in musical and social paradigms. While not being strictly true, it was always going to be a tough task to sustain the energy and innovation of the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s into subsequent decades. However, this didn’t stop existing and emerging artists trying to break the constraints of predictability. So, the 1980s was to prove a different kettle of fish altogether and that is what the story seeks to explore in the next article. Are you with me? Until next time…

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June 2019 – The Story of Modern Music in 1,500+ Facts – Part IV

Introduction

Welcome once again all guitar and music aficionados. We are now half way through 2019 and not only are the evenings once again beginning to draw in but also the end of the ‘noughties’ is just a few months away. What a sobering thought. One wonders whether the 2020s will match the exhilarating heights (and lows) of the ‘Roaring Twenties’ of last Century. Sometimes, I doubt it and there are too many ‘harbingers of doom’ for optimism and hope to reign too strongly but perhaps it was ever thus – I hope I’m wrong. However, that sort of future speculation is for another place an time, as this month we are looking back to some 70‑80 years’ ago.

We are here in the midst of a series of articles chronicling the story of modern music by way of numerous guitar‑oriented facts and events. If you’ve been following the series so far, you’ll already know that, so I won’t bang on about it any longer.

If you would like to (re)visit the first three parts (and nearly 300 years) of the story to‑date, you can do so here (each link opens a new browser tab):

The Story of Modern Music Part IV 1940-1949

There are so many facets to the 1940s that to cover the 1950s as well would make for an overlong article, so for the sake of our mutual sanity, let’s take it one step (and decade) at a time. So… this month, we concentrate solely on the 1940s, a watershed decade during which epochal change was increasing in both pace, scale and scope. Without further ado, assuming you know the routine and format by now, let us dispatch our ‘boots on the ground’ and get on with the show. Onward to the fascinating Forties…

Historical Context 1940-1949

The 1940s was known simply, and rather unimaginatively, as ‘The Forties’. During the first half of the decade the world was dominated by major conflict and brutal warfare. As if the world had not already seen enough, almost as soon as WWII ended, the Cold War began, again raising international political and military tensions between the capitalist west and communist eastern blocs, a struggle that would last for several decades. Ordinary people in many countries suffered on‑going economic austerity, adversity and disadvantage for many years as a consequence of WWII. Socially, concerns over the possibility of widespread post‑war friction sat at odds with hopes for long‑term peace. Technological progress was closely linked to competitive military advances and many major innovations spawned during the 1940s would ultimately benefit future generations.

Year

Global Events

1940

Conservative MP Winston Churchill became British Prime Minister and would remain in power to lead Britain to victory in WWII.

 

The mass evacuation of more than 330,000 allied soldiers from the beaches of Dunkirk in northern France to England took place during WWII.

 

In WWII, the German Luftwaffe carried out the ‘Blitz’, the massive air bombardment of London, UK.

 

The WWII aerial Battle of Britain took place in the skies over Britain and Europe.

1941

Russia entered WWII when German‑led Axis forces crossed the area covered by the German–Soviet Nonaggression Pact, thereby effectively invading the Soviet Union.

 

The classic motion picture film, ‘Citizen Cane’ directed by and starring Orson Welles was released.

 

After 14 years of labour, the Mount Rushmore National Memorial in Black Hills, South Dakota was opened to the public, depicting the massive sculptures of four American presidents; George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Theodore Roosevelt and Abraham Lincoln.

 

America joined WWII after the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor in Hawaii.

1942

The classic movie, ‘Casablanca’ was premiered, starring Humphrey Bogart and Ingrid Bergman.

1943

The world’s largest office building and headquarters of the United States Department of Defense, The Pentagon, was completed in Virginia.

1944

Operation Overlord (commonly known as ‘D-Day’) saw 150,000 allied troops successfully storm the beaches of Normandy in France against German defences.

1945

Germany surrendered to the allied forces, effectively ending WWII in Europe.

 

U.S. atomic weapons testing was undertaken at the Trinity nuclear test site in New Mexico as part of the research & development programme known as the Manhattan Project.

 

Two American atomic bombs were dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in Japan leading to unconditional surrender and the formal end of WWII. Over 60 million people were killed during the conflict.

 

The United Nations (UN) organisation was formed, with a mission to maintain international peace and security.

 

Democrat Harry S. Truman became 33rd President of the U.S.A. following the death of Franklin D. Roosevelt.

 

The Nuremburg Trials began; a military tribunal established to prosecute the most prominent political and military leaders of Nazi Germany for war crimes during WWII.

1946

ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer), the first programmable electronic computer was unveiled at the University of Pennsylvania.

1946/

1947

The Cold War between Russia with its neighbouring Eastern Bloc states and America with its western allies started and lasted until the collapse of Communism and the Soviet Union between 1889 and 1991.

 

The transistor semiconductor was developed by American technology company, Bell Labs in New Jersey.

1947

Italian motor company Ferrari started production of luxury sports cars in Modena.

 

American test pilot Captain Chuck Yeager became the first person to break the sound barrier in level flight in a rocket-propelled Bell X-1 aircraft that he nicknamed ‘Glamorous Glennis’, achieving a recorded top speed of Mach 1.06 (807.2mph) at an altitude of 45,000 ft.

1948

British author George Orwell wrote his prophetic dystopian novel, ‘1984’.

 

The independent state of Israel was established after the British pulled out of Palestine.

 

The British National Health Service (NHS) was founded and would become the model for universal health care in the country. The NHS was part of the wider liberal welfare state system reforms that were implemented the UK.

1949

The Communist People’s Republic of China was proclaimed by Chairman Mao Zedong.

 

The North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) was formed comprising 29 independent member states committed to mutual defence in response to an attack by any non‑member countries.

Well that is where the world was at, at the time. Now to refocus our attention onto the matter in hand, musical history.

Musical Genre Development 1940-1949

Music of the 1940s built on the sustained popularity of jazz, bebop and swing/big band music to provide upbeat positivity against the background of WWII, as played by Duke Ellington, Count Basie and Artie Shaw. Electric blues had spread to the west coast of America, particularly California, performed by artists such as T-Bone Walker and B.B. King. Chicago also became a vital locus for electric blues, as played by Buddy Guy, Howlin’ Wolf and Muddy Waters, as did Detroit with the likes of John Lee Hooker, and Indiana with Albert King and Jimmy Reed. Blues remained strong in the southern states, including artists like Lightnin’ Hopkins and Freddie King. Country and western music also became popular again with ‘singing cowboys’ such as Gene Autry and Roy Rogers. Wartime songs would feature across many musical genres and many entertainers helped to support the allied forces at home and abroad, including Vera Lynn, Gracie Fields and The Andrews Sisters. It was also during the 1940s that the influence of Latin music began to be felt across other genres, popularised by the likes of ‘The Brazilian Bombshell’, Carmen Miranda brought to western cinemagoers by film director Busby Berkeley.

Around 1945, bluegrass began to make its mark. Bluegrass fused many American, European and African roots styles culminating in a unique blend of country, folk, traditional and Appalachian mountain music incorporating blues and jazz influences. The music is usually played on acoustic string instruments including fiddle, five-string banjo, guitar, mandolin, and upright bass. Bluegrass was particularly popular for dancing, including dance styles such as buckdancing, flatfooting and clogging. The term ‘bluegrass’ arose not only from a type of grass in the region near Kentucky but also from the name used by pioneers of the genre, Bill Monroe and the Blue Grass Boys. Monroe is often called the ‘Father of Bluegrass’ and his band notably featured Earl Scruggs on banjo and Lester Flatt on guitar. In the early days, bluegrass was categorised along with country & western, hillbilly and folk music before being defined as a discrete genre that remains popular today.

Traditional popular music is generally defined as having broad appeal for a wide audience and has existed throughout time and across the globe. While the ‘pop song’ originated in the 1920s, modern popular music is largely accepted to be Anglo‑American in origin and arose during the 1940s as the big bands declined and before rock & roll music took off in the mid‑1950s. Popular music was notable for structured song writing, often comprising repeated verse and chorus with a middle bridge section. Popular music was often based on musical standards, sung by ‘crooners’. In addition, popular music was also often composed by professional songwriters, which was then performed by a vocalist accompanied by a backing band or orchestra. Success was characterised by record sales and chart position as a measure of achievement. Perhaps the most famous popular music artists of the early popular music era were Frank Sinatra and Bing Crosby who achieved enormous commercial success. The familiar term ‘pop music’ actually appears to have its origins in Britain in the mid‑1950s. Popular music is often referred to as, but not synonymous with, ‘pop’ music; however, pop music developed as a major separate genre during the 1960s and has largely remained so to the current day. Another characteristic is that popular music is constantly evolving into many different formats and styles to keep pace with social and cultural changes, including aging western populations. Traditional popular standards were being released well into the 1950s by the likes of Perry Como, Tony Bennett, Nat King Cole and Dean Martin.

During the late 1940s, there was already indicative evidence of the sounds that would coalesce and become what we now call rock ‘n’ roll during the 1950s, particularly by blues/R&B artists such as Sister Rosetta Tharpe. That fundamental step-change is now for the next article.

Musical Facts 1940-1949

Many legendary artists that we now take for granted as part of today’s musical landscape were not yet born or still mere fledglings yet to make their indelible mark on our collective consciousness. As with last month’s article, a large proportion of the musical facts relate to births of future stars.

Looking down the long list of nearly 200 musical events during the 1940s, it could quickly become repetitive, e.g. American/English blah‑de‑blah was born in blah, blah. However, just a scan of the names and places gives a sense about what these youthful individuals were experiencing as teenagers during the ‘big bang’ of rock ‘n’ roll and the tsunami of the ‘British Invasion’, just a few years later. Just think of the exposure they had to sweeping new music crazes and how the fads might have inspired and stimulated these curious youngsters on to great music careers that they could never have foreseen. Some of these fabulous flames would burn brightly and briefly, while others would endure as wizened veterans still working hard and influencing today’s generations. As time passes, the balance between births, lifetime achievements and, sadly, deaths will shift considerably.

Day

Month

Year

Music Fact

–

–

1940

American blues/rock guitarist, singer and songwriter, Seasick Steve was born c.1940 or 1941 (date not disclosed) in Oakland, California.

27

July

1940

Billboard magazine published its first Music Popularity Chart. Topping the chart at No. 1 was Tommy Dorsey with his hit song, ‘I’ll Never Smile Again’.

9

October

1940

Massively influential of English singer, songwriter, guitarist, former member of The Beatles and successful solo artist, John Lennon MBE (1940-1980, 40) was born in Liverpool.

26

November

1940

Hugely influential English folk guitarist, Davey Graham (1940-2008, 68) was born in Market Bosworth, Leicestershire.

21

December

1940

Prolific genius, American guitarist, singer, songwriter and composer, the one and only Mr Frank Vincent Zappa (1940-1993, 52) was born in Baltimore, Maryland.

9

January

1941

Legendary perennial American folk/protest singer, songwriter, guitarist, and political activist, Joan Baez was born in Staten Island, New York.

15

January

1941

Influential American rock singer, songwriter and musician, Don Van Vliet (better known as Captain Beefheart) was born in Glendale, California.

24

January

1941

Acclaimed American singer, songwriter, guitarist and actor Neil Diamond was born in Brooklyn, New York.

24

January

1941

English folk singer, songwriter and guitarist Michael Chapman was born in Leeds, Yorkshire.

14

February

1941

Prolific English studio session guitarist Big Jim Sullivan (1941-2012, 71) was born in Uxbridge, Middlesex. Sullivan appeared on about 750 chart singles including 54 chart toppers.

24

April

1941

Australian virtuoso classical and contemporary guitarist, as well as one-time member of instrumental fusion rock group SKY, John Williams was born in Melbourne.

24

May

1941

Nobel prize-winner for literature, American folk/rock singer, songwriter and guitarist, Bob Dylan was born in Duluth, Minnesota.

18

July

1941

Influential country/blues/rock guitarist and singer songwriter, Lonnie Mack (1941-2016, 74) was born in West Harrison, Indiana.

14

August

1941

American singer, songwriter and guitarist, founder of The Byrds and Crosby, Stills & Nash, Hall of Famer, David Crosby was born in Los Angeles, California.

20

August

1941

The ‘grandfather of space rock’, English guitarist, singer, songwriter and co-founder of psychedelic rock band Hawkwind, Dave Brock was born in Isleworth, Middlesex.

13

October

1941

Living legend, American singer, songwriter, guitarist, formerly half of Simon & Garfunkel and a successful solo artist, Paul Simon was born in Newark, New Jersey.

21

October

1941

Multi-Hall of Famer, American guitarist, songwriter, record producer and member of Stax Records’ house band Booker T. & the MG’s, Steve Cropper was born in Dora, Missouri.

28

October

1941

English guitarist, singer and songwriter, best known for his uniquely distinctive work with The Shadows, Hank Marvin was born in Newcastle upon Tyne.

2

November

1941

English guitarist, singer, songwriter and producer, best known as an original member of instrumental pop/rock band The Shadows, Bruce Welch OBE was born in Bognor Regis, West Sussex.

20

November

1941

Great American singer, songwriter, pianist and occasional guitarist Dr John was born in New Orleans, Louisiana.

4

January

1942

English jazz/rock fusion guitarist, composer, solo artist and member of Mahavishnu Orchestra, John McLaughlin was born in Doncaster, South Yorkshire.

28

February

1942

English guitarist and founding member of rock band The Rolling Stones, Brian Jones (1942-1969, 27) was born in Cheltenham, Gloucestershire.

2

March

1942

Legendary American virtuoso jazz guitarist Charlie Christian died from tuberculosis in New York at the age of just 25.

2

March

1942

American singer, songwriter and guitarist with The Velvet Underground and as a successful solo artist, Lou Reed (1942-2013, 71) was born in Brooklyn, New York.

24

April

1942

Oscar-winning American singer, songwriter, actress and film maker Barbra Streisand was born in New York City.

17

May

1942

Hugely influential American blues guitarist, singer and songwriter, Taj Mahal (a.k.a. Henry Saint Clair Fredericks, Jr) was born in Harlem, New York.

1

June

1942

Highly influential virtuoso Spanish flamenco guitarist, Paco Peña was born in Cordoba.

18

June

1942

English bass guitarist, singer, songwriter and former member of pop/rock bands The Beatles and Wings, as well as a successful solo artist, Sir Paul McCartney MBE was born in Liverpool.

13

July

1942

American singer, songwriter, guitarist and co-founder of rock band The Byrds, Roger McGuinn was born in Chicago, Illinois.

1

August

1942

Influential American singer/songwriter and guitarist with Grateful Dead, Jerry Garcia (1942-1995, 53) was born in San Francisco, California.

27

November

1942

A true music legend, American rock guitarist, singer and songwriter, the one and only James Marshall Hendrix (1942-1970, 27) was born in Seattle, Washington.

31

December

1942

English guitarist, composer, member of rock band The Police and successful solo artist, Andy Summers was born in Poulton-le-Fylde, Lancashire.

10

January

1943

American folk/rock singer, songwriter and guitarist, Jim Croce (1943-1973, 30) was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

19

January

1943

Legendary American psychedelic blues/rock singer Janis Joplin was born in Port Arthur, Texas.

25

February

1943

English singer, songwriter, guitarist and member of The Beatles, George Harrison (1943-2001, 58) was born in Liverpool.

22

March

1943

Influential American jazz/soul/R&B guitarist, singer and songwriter, George Benson was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

2

April

1943

American jazz guitarist, the ‘Godfather of Fusion’, Larry Coryell (1943-2017, 73) was born in Galveston, Texas.

14

May

1943

Scottish bass guitarist, singer, songwriter and former member of blues rock super group Cream, Jack Bruce (1943-2014, 71) was born in Bishopbriggs, Lanarkshire.

5

July

1943

Canadian guitarist, songwriter, composer, producer and former member of Americana rock group The Band, Robbie Robertson was born in Toronto, Ontario.

26

July

1943

English singer, songwriter and occasional guitarist, a founding member of rock band the Rolling Stones, Mick Jagger was born in Dartford, Kent.

28

July

1943

Renowned American blues guitarist and Hall of Famer, Mike Bloomfield (1943-1981, 37) was born in Chicago, Illinois.

24

August

1943

American guitarist and founder of west coast rock bands Quicksilver Messenger Service and Copperhead, John Cipollina (1943-1989, 45) was born in Berkeley, California.

6

September

1943

English bass guitarist, singer, songwriter and co-founder of progressive rock band Pink Floyd, Roger Waters was born in Great Bookham, Surrey.

5

October

1943

American guitarist, singer, songwriter and bandleader, Steve Miller was born in Milwaukee, Wisconsin.

3

November

1943

Sublimely talented Scottish guitarist and founding member of folk revival band Pentangle, Bert Jansch (1943-2011, 67) was born in Glasgow.

7

November

1943

Highly influential Canadian folk, jazz, rock and pop guitarist, singer and songwriter Joni Mitchell was born in Fort Macleod, Alberta.

28

November

1943

Highly acclaimed American singer, songwriter and composer of numerous film scores, Randy Newman was born in Los Angeles, California.

8

December

1943

Iconic American singer, poet, counter-culture rebel and front man of rock band, The Doors, Jim Morrison was born in Melbourne, Florida.

12

December

1943

American guitarist, singer, songwriter, composer and founding member of rock band The Allman Brothers Band, Dickey Betts was born in West Palm Beach, Florida.

18

December

1943

Legendary English guitarist, singer, songwriter and co-founder of rock band The Rolling Stones, Keith Richards was born in Dartford, Kent.

21

December

1943

Hugely talented English guitarist and songwriter known for his country/rock hybrid picking style, Albert Lee was born in Lingen, Herefordshire.

31

December

1943

American singer, songwriter, guitarist and producer, John Denver (1943-1997, 53) was born in Roswell, New Mexico.

9

January

1944

English musical innovator and legendary guitarist, best known for his work with hard rock band Led Zeppelin, the highly influential Jimmy Page OBE was born in Heston, Middlesex.

23

February

1944

Great American blues guitarist and Blues Hall of Famer, Johnny Winter (1944-2014, 70) was born in Beaumont, Texas.

1

March

1944

English singer, actor, founder and long-term front man of rock group The Who, Roger Daltrey was born in London.

23

March

1944

Trailblazing English guitarist and founder of blues/rock band Groundhogs, Tony McPhee was born in Humberston, Lincolnshire.

15

April

1944

Welsh rock guitarist, singer, songwriter and producer Dave Edmunds was born in Cardiff.

28

May

1944

American Motown legend and award-winning ‘Empress of Soul’, the formidable Gladys Knight was born in Atlanta, Georgia.

7

June

1944

American bluegrass and country rock guitarist who was a member of rock band The Byrds and an accomplished session musician, Clarence White was born in Lewiston, Maine.

8

June

1944

American singer, songwriter and guitarist, former member of the Steve Miller Band and a successful solo artist, Boz Scaggs was born in Canton, Ohio.

17

June

1944

Respected, versatile and prolific English session guitarist, singer and producer, Chris Spedding was born in Staveley, Derbyshire.

21

June

1944

English singer, songwriter, guitarist and former front man of pop/rock band The Kinks, as well as solo artist, Sir Ray Davies CBE was born in London.

24

June

1944

Outstanding and prolific English instrumental guitar genius, as well as former member of blues/rock band The Yardbirds, Jeff Beck was born in Wallington, Surrey.

8

August

1944

Renowned English guitarist and songwriter, known for his work with Bert Jansch and folk revival group Pentangle, John Renbourn (1944-2015, 70) was born in London.

16

August

1944

English singer, songwriter and guitarist with psychedelic rock band Soft Machine, as well as a successful solo artist, Kevin Ayers (1944-2013, 68) was born in Herne Bay, Kent.

9

October

1944

Legendary English bass guitarist with rock band The Who, nicknamed ‘The Ox’, John Entwistle (1944-2002, 57) was born in London.

19

October

1944

Jamaican reggae guitarist, singer and songwriter, a member of Bob Marley & The Wailers and a successful solo artist, Peter Tosh was born in Grange Hill, Jamaica.

15

December

1944

Famous American big band leader and musician Glenn Miller was killed when the plane in which he was flying disappeared in bad weather over the English Channel during WWII at the age of 40.

18

December

1944

British guitarist, best known as member of progressive rock band Man, Deke Leonard (1944-2017, 72) was born in Llanelli, South Wales.

19

December

1944

Highly regarded English guitarist, singer, and member of blues/rock group Ten Years After, Alvin Lee (1944-2013, 68) was born in Nottingham.

3

January

1945

American guitarist, singer and songwriter, famous for his work with Buffalo Springfield and Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young (CSNY), Stephen Stills was born in Dallas, Texas.

6

February

1945

A true legend as well as a great ambassador for Jamaica and reggae music with The Wailers, Rastafarian singer, songwriter and guitarist Bob Marley (1945-1981, 36) was born in Nine Mile, Jamaica.

9

March

1945

English blues/rock guitarist who came to fame as a member of rock band Procol Harum, before embarking on a long and successful solo career, Robin Trower was born in London.

11

March

1945

American guitarist, member of Canned Heat amongst others, and one of the first to popularise the two-handed tapping playing technique, Harvey Mandel was born in Detroit, Michigan.

30

March

1945

Highly renowned English blues/rock guitarist, singer, songwriter and Hall of Famer, Eric Clapton CBE was born in Ripley, Surrey.

13

April

1945

Great American guitarist, singer and songwriter with Little Feat, Lowell George (1945-1979, 34) was born in Hollywood, California.

14

April

1945

Hugely influential English guitarist and co-founder of hard rock bands Deep Purple and Rainbow, as well as folk rock duo Blackmore’s Night, Ritchie Blackmore was born in Weston-super-Mare, Somerset.

6

May

1945

American rock singer, songwriter, guitarist, pianist and leader of the Silver Bullet Band, Bob Seger was born in Detroit, Michigan.

19

May

1945

English rock guitarist, singer, songwriter and member of The Who, Pete Townshend was born in London.

28

May

1945

American rock singer, songwriter, guitarist and former member of Creedence Clearwater Revival, John Fogerty was born in Berkeley, California.

1

July

1945

American singer, songwriter, actress and founding member of rock band Blondie, Debbie Harry was born in Miami, Florida.

31

August

1945

Northern Irish rhythm & blues singer, songwriter and producer, Sir Van Morrison OBE was born in Belfast.

4

September

1945

Amazing American ‘Redneck Jazz’ guitarist, Danny Gatton (1945-1994, 49) was born in Washington D.C.

10

September

1945

Prolific Puerto Rican guitarist, singer and songwriter, José Feliciano was born in Lares.

11

September

1945

Extraordinary American multi-genre acoustic guitarist and a true master of his instrument, Leo Kottke was born in Athens, Georgia.

26

September

1945

English singer, songwriter and former front man of glam art rock band Roxy Music, Bryan Ferry CBE was born in Washington, County Durham.

3

October

1945

American singer Elvis Presley made his first public performance at the age of 10 when he sang ‘Old Shep’ at the Mississippi/Alabama Dairy Show talent competition. Reports say he came 2nd and won $5, while Elvis later recollected coming 5th and not winning a prize.

31

October

1945

English guitarist, singer, producer and one time member of rock band Argent, Russ Ballard was born in Waltham Cross, Hertfordshire.

26

November

1945

English bass guitarist with rock bands John Mayall’s Bluesbreakers and then Fleetwood Mac, John McVie was born in London.

30

November

1945

Welsh bass guitarist, songwriter and producer, best known as a member of heavy rock bands Deep Purple and Rainbow, Roger Glover was born in Brecon, Powys.

24

December

1945

English bass guitarist, singer, songwriter and founder of rock band Motörhead, Ian ‘Lemmy’ Kilmister (1945-2015, 70) was born in Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire.

25

December

1945

English bass guitarist and member of the Jimi Hendrix Experience, Noel Redding (1945-2003, 57) was born in Folkestone, Kent.

3

January

1946

English bass guitarist, songwriter, former member of hard rock band Led Zeppelin, solo artist as well as a member of Them Crooked Vultures, John Paul Jones was born in Sidcup, Kent.

6

January

1946

English singer, songwriter, guitarist and founding member of psychedelic/progressive rock band Pink Floyd, Syd Barrett (1946-2006, 60) was born in Cambridge.

8

January

1946

American guitarist, singer and songwriter, best known as a key member of rock band The Doors, Robby Krieger was born in Los Angeles, California.

19

January

1946

Larger-than-life American country music legend, successful business woman and actress, Dolly Parton was born in Pitman Center, Tennessee.

20

February

1946

American guitarist and leader of The J. Geils Band, John ‘J’ Geils (1946-2017, 71) was born in New York City.

6

March

1946

English guitarist, singer, songwriter, and former member of Pink Floyd, as well as a successful solo artist, the incomparable David Gilmour was born in Cambridge.

12

March

1946

Oscar-winning American singer and actress, Liza Minelli was born in Los Angeles, California.

1

April

1946

English bass player, singer, songwriter and founder of rock bands the Small Faces and the Faces, Ronnie Lane (1946-1997, 51) was born in Plaistow, Essex.

4

April

1946

English guitarist and member of pop/glam rock band Slade, Dave Hill was born in Holbeton, Devon.

16

May

1946

One of the great experimental English guitarists of our time and member of progressive rock band King Crimson, Robert Fripp was born in Wimborne Minster, Dorset.

26

May

1946

Great English rock guitarist and close companion of David Bowie, Mick Ronson (1946-1993, 46) was born in Kingston upon Hull.

7

June

1946

Welsh guitarist and co-founder of progressive/psychedelic rock band Man, Micky Jones (1946-2010, 63) born in Merthyr Tydfil.

15

June

1946

English guitarist and singer with glam pop/rock group Slade, Noddy Holder MBE was born in Walsall, Staffordshire.

6

August

1946

Extraordinarily talented English virtuoso fusion/rock guitarist Allan Holdsworth (1946-2017, 70) was born in Bradford.

23

August

1946

Influential and eccentric English drummer and member of rock band The Who, Keith Moon, was born in Wembley, Middlesex.

5

September

1946

Flamboyant English singer with rock/pop band Queen, Freddie Mercury (real name Farrokh Bulsara) was born in Stone Town in the Sultanate of Zanzibar (now Tanzania).

14

October

1946

English singer, songwriter and guitarist with rock band The Moody Blues, Justin Hayward was born in Swindon, Wiltshire.

29

October

1946

Highly acclaimed and influential English guitarist and co-founder of blues/rock band Fleetwood Mac, Peter Green was born in London.

5

November

1946

American country rock guitarist with The Byrds, Gram Parsons (1946-1973, 26) was born in Winter Haven, Florida.

17

November

1946

Great English guitarist, best known as a long-term member of rock band Jethro Tull, Martin Barre was born in Birmingham.

20

November

1946

Legendary American guitarist and co-founder of the Allman Brothers Band, nicknamed ‘Skydog’, Duane Allman (1946-1971, 24) was born in Nashville, Tennessee.

22

November

1946

Jamaican bass guitarist and producer who played with reggae bands Bob Marley & The Wailers and The Upsetters, Aston ‘Family Man’ Barrett was born in Kingston.

24

December

1946

Dutch progressive rock and jazz fusion guitarist best known for his work with rock band Focus, as well as a long solo career, Jan Akkerman was born in Amsterdam, Netherlands.

30

December

1946

Influential American singer, poet and activist, part of the vibrant New York punk movement, Patti Smith was born in Chicago, Illinois.

–

–

1947

American session guitarist and collaborator, best known for his work with Steely Dan, Elliott Randall was born (exact date not known).

8

January

1947

A true legend, English singer, songwriter, occasional guitarist and actor, the one and only David Bowie (1947-2016, 69) was born in London.

22

January

1947

English punk pioneer, the manager of New York Dolls and the Sex Pistols, as well as a solo music artist, Malcolm McLaren was born in London.

30

January

1947

English ‘mod’ guitarist with rock bands Small Faces and Humble Pie, Steve Marriott (1947-1991, 44) was born in London.

3

February

1947

English guitarist, singer and songwriter who, along with his older brother Ray, provided the driving force behind pop/rock band The Kinks, Dave Davies was born in London.

14

February

1947

American multi-genre singer, songwriter and guitarist, Tim Buckley (1947-1975, 28) was born in Washington D.C.

15

March

1947

American musician, composer, songwriter and phenomenal slide guitarist, Ry Cooder was born in Los Angeles, California.

25

March

1947

Flamboyant multi-award-winning English pop singer, songwriter and pianist, Sir Elton John CBE was born in Pinner, Middlesex.

8

April

1947

Great English guitarist, songwriter and producer best known as a long-time member of progressive rock group Yes, Steve Howe was born in London.

1

June

1947

English guitarist with rock band The Rolling Stones and previously the Faces and the Jeff Beck Group, Ronnie Wood was born in Hillingdon, Middlesex.

5

June

1947

American guitarist, singer, co-founder of funk band Sly And The Family Stone, and now a Christian pastor, Freddie Stone was born in Vallejo, California.

9

June

1947

English guitarist and long-time member of rock band Uriah Heep, Mick Box was born in Walthamstow, East London.

12

July

1947

Influential English guitarist, singer, songwriter and former member of pub rock band Dr. Feelgood, Wilko Johnson was born in Canvey Island, Essex.

19

July

1947

Award-winning English guitarist, astrophysicist, animal rights activist and co-founder of rock/pop band Queen, Dr. Brian May CBE was born in Hampton, Middlesex.

20

July

1947

Highly acclaimed Mexican/American guitarist, songwriter and main man for Latin/jazz/fusion/rock group Santana, Carlos Santana was born in Autlán de Navarro, Jalisco.

3

September

1947

Northern Irish blues/rock guitarist and founder of rock group Thin Lizzy, Eric Bell was born in Dublin.

30

September

1947

Massively influential English glam rock pioneer Marc Bolan of Tyrannosaurus Rex and then T.Rex (1947-1977, 29) was born in London.

1

October

1947

English bass guitarist, singer and founding member of rock band Wishbone Ash, Martin Turner was born in Torquay, Devon.

8

November

1947

English guitarist, singer, songwriter and former member of pop/rock bands The Move, Electric Light Orchestra (ELO) and Wizzard, Roy Wood was born in Birmingham.

10

November

1947

English bass guitarist, singer and songwriter, famous for his work with progressive rock bands King Crimson and ELP, as well as a successful solo artist, Greg Lake (1947-2016, 69) was born in Poole, Dorset.

10

November

1947

American guitarist best known for working with the original Alice Cooper band, Glen Buxton (1947-1997, 49) was born in Akron, Ohio.

12

November

1947

American guitarist with rock band Blue Öyster Cult since its formation in 1967, Buck Dharma (a.k.a. David Roeser) was born in Long Island, New York.

20

November

1947

Great American guitarist, singer, songwriter, solo artist and member of country rock band Eagles, Joe Walsh was born in Wichita, Kansas.

8

December

1947

American guitarist, singer, songwriter and co-founder of the Allman Brothers Band, Gregg Allman (1947-2017, 69) was born in Nashville, Tennessee.

21

December

1947

Highly influential Spanish virtuoso Flamenco guitarist, Paco de Lucíá (1947-2014, 66) was born in Cadiz.

12

January

1948

English jazz fusion guitarist supreme and long-term member of progressive rock band Soft Machine, John Etheridge was born in London.

15

January

1948

American singer and frontman of Southern rock band Lynyrd Skynyrd, the great Ronnie Van Zant was born in Jacksonville, Florida.

2

February

1948

American guitarist, songwriter, producer and ex-member of funk band Earth Wind & Fire, Al McKay was born in New Orleans, Louisiana.

4

February

1948

Theatrical American rock singer, songwriter, actor and presenter, Alice Cooper was born in Detroit, Michigan.

19

February

1948

English rock guitarist with Black Sabbath and the ‘Godfather of Heavy Metal’, Tony Iommi was born in Birmingham.

2

March

1948

Legendary Irish blues/rock guitarist, singer and songwriter Rory Gallagher (1948-1995, 47) was born in Ballyshannon, County Donegal.

2

March

1948

American jazz fusion guitarist, composer and prolific multi‑genre session musician, the great Larry Carlton was born in Torrance, California.

4

March

1948

Renowned English bass guitarist and co-founder of progressive rock band Yes, Chris Squire (1948-2015, 67) was born in London.

6

April

1948

Talented English multi-genre guitarist and composer, Gordon Giltrap was born in Brenchley, Kent.

30

April

1948

American guitarist, singer, songwriter, producer, composer and co-founder of rock band MC5, Wayne Kramer was born in Detroit, Michigan.

15

May

1948

Pioneering experimental English composer, producer, musician and founding member of glam rock band Roxy Music, Brian Eno was born in Melton, Suffolk.

18

June

1948

Columbia Records began mass producing the 33RPM long‑playing (LP) record. The original concept of the vinyl ‘album’ has endured and has undergone a retro revival in the digital age.

19

June

1948

Highly respected English singer, songwriter and guitarist, Nick Drake (1948-1974, 26) was born in Rangoon, Burma (now Myanmar).

20

June

1948

Scottish bass guitarist and founding member of 1970s pop group, The Bay City Rollers, Alan Longmuir (1948-2018, 70) was born in Edinburgh.

22

June

1948

American singer, songwriter, guitarist and producer, solo artist and founding member of progressive rock band Utopia, Todd Rundgren was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

17

July

1948

American guitarist and songwriter with Iggy Pop and the Stooges, Ron Asheton (1948-2009, 60) was born in Washington D.C.

2

August

1948

Welsh singer, songwriter, guitarist and founding member of rock band Amen Corner, Andy Fairweather Low was born in Ystrad Mynach.

24

August

1948

French electronic composer, instrumentalist and producer, Jean-Michel Jarre was born in Lyon.

31

August

1948

German rhythm guitarist, songwriter and founder of hard rock band Scorpions, Rudolf Schenker was born in Hildesheim.

11

September

1948

Hugely influential and innovative British singer, songwriter and guitarist, John Martyn (1948-2009, 60) was born in London.

8

October

1948

Pioneering American punk rock guitarist and songwriter with the Ramones, Johnny Ramone (1948-2004, 56) was born in New York.

12

October

1948

English guitarist and long-term member of rock band Status Quo, Rick Parfitt (1948-2016, 68) was born in Woking, Surrey. ‏

6

November

1948

American guitarist, singer, songwriter, actor and founding member of country rock band Eagles, Glenn Frey (1948-2016, 67) was born in Detroit, Michigan.

3

December

1948

English singer, songwriter, TV personality and member of heavy metal rock band Black Sabbath, nicknamed ‘The Prince of Darkness’, Ozzy Osbourne was born in Birmingham.

13

December

1948

American guitarist, best known for his work with Steely Dan, The Doobie Brothers and Spirit, Jeff ‘Skunk’ Baxter was born in Washington D.C.

13

December

1948

Controversial American singer, songwriter and guitarist, known for his ultra-conservative political views, the ‘Motor City Madman’, Ted Nugent was born in Redford, Michigan.

18

December

1948

English guitarist, singer, songwriter and producer best known for his work with experimental rock band Be-Bop Deluxe, Bill Nelson was born in Wakefield, Yorkshire.

22

December

1948

American guitarist, singer and songwriter with rock band Cheap Trick, Rick Nielsen was born in Elmhurst, Illinois.

17

January

1949

English guitarist and former member of blues/rock bands John Mayall’s Bluesbreakers and The Rolling Stones, Mick Taylor was born in Welwyn Garden City.

19

January

1949

English pop/rock singer and songwriter and member of rock bands Vinegar Joe and the Power Station, Robert Palmer was born in Batley, Yorkshire.

7

February

1949

English bass guitarist and founding member of pop/rock band Status Quo, Alan Lancaster was born in London.

31

March

1949

Record company, RCA Victor released their first 45RPM 7″ single, ‘Texarkana Baby’ by Eddy Arnold… on green vinyl.

3

April

1949

English guitarist, singer, songwriter, solo artist and former member of folk rock band Fairport Convention, Richard Thompson was born in London.

4

May

1949

Scottish guitarist, best known for his work with The Sensational Alex Harvey Band in the 1970s, Zal Cleminson was born in Glasgow.

17

May

1949

English guitarist, singer, composer and founder of progressive rock band Camel, Andrew Latimer was born in Guildford, Surrey.

19

May

1949

American bass guitarist and long-term member of southern blues/rock band ZZ Top, Dusty Hill was born in Dallas, Texas.

29

May

1949

English singer, songwriter and guitarist with rock/pop band Status Quo, Francis Rossi OBE was born in London.

17

July

1949

Great English bass guitarist with heavy metal rock band Black Sabbath, Terence ‘Geezer’ Butler was born in Aston, Birmingham.

12

August

1949

British guitarist, singer, songwriter, producer, composer and co-founder of rock band Dire Straits, Mark Knopfler OBE was born in Glasgow.

20

August

1949

Irish bass guitarist, singer, songwriter and founding member of rock group Thin Lizzy, Phil Lynott, (1949-1986, 36) was born in West Bromwich, Staffordshire, England.

25

August

1949

Israeli/American bass guitarist, singer, actor, businessman and co-founder of rock band KISS, Gene Simmons, nicknamed ‘The Demon’ was born in Tirat Carmel, Haifa, Israel.

28

August

1949

English guitarist, singer, songwriter and ex-member of punk rock pioneers, The Stranglers from 1974-1990, Hugh Cornwell was born in London.

5

September

1949

English guitarist with rock bands Colosseum, Humble Pie and a successful solo artist, Clem Clempson was born in Tamworth, Staffordshire.

14

September

1949

American guitarist with southern rock band Lynyrd Skynyrd, Steve Gaines (1949-1977, 28) was born in Seneca, Missouri.

14

September

1949

American guitarist and bass guitarist with southern rock band Lynyrd Skynyrd, Ed King (1949-2018, 68) was born in Glendale, California.

23

September

1949

American living legend that is ‘The Boss’, Mr. Bruce Springsteen was born in Long Branch, New Jersey.

3

October

1949

American guitarist, singer and songwriter primarily with rock band Fleetwood Mac and now solo, Lindsey Buckingham was born in Palo Alto, California.

8

November

1949

American blues, rock, Americana roots and with a hint of country guitarist, singer, songwriter and activist, Bonnie Raitt was born in Burbank, California.

6

December

1949

American blues/folk guitarist and singer, Lead Belly (Huddie William Ledbetter) died of motor neurone disease in New York at the age of 61.

7

December

1949

Prolific and hugely influential American singer, songwriter, composer and actor, Tom Waits was born in Pomona, California.

13

December

1949

American singer, songwriter and guitarist with alternative post-punk rock band Television, Tom Verlaine was born in Denville, New Jersey.

16

December

1949

American guitarist, singer and songwriter with blues/rock band ZZ Top and solo artist, Billy F. Gibbons was born in Houston, Texas.

23

December

1949

American guitarist and singer with a long solo career and known for his work with British progressive rock band King Crimson and a host of others including Frank Zappa, David Bowie and Talking Heads, Adrian Belew was born in Covington, Kentucky.

Tailpiece

Well, that’s it for another month – that is a veritable roll call of rock ‘n’ roll, all packed into just 10 years. The thing that struck me most about this article is the overwhelming focus on America and Britain as the drivers for musical change in the 20th Century. Today, we readily accept a much more diverse, global infusion of styles and influences. One can pontificate that it had to start somewhere and these two countries largely made it happen bilaterally; maybe not exclusively but certainly predominantly. Unsurprisingly, perhaps given the period, it is also male dominated.

Just how quickly we proceed from here depends entirely on the volume of the content. At this rate, we could be at this for a while yet. I didn’t realise when I started, what a colossal exercise it was going to be. However, I have found it fascinating to focus on musical evolution through this lens and I hope that you have found something of interest along the way. Maybe the Forties were not a great deal of interest to you, they were certainly before my time. We will get around to other periods that may motivate your attention span in a different way, I promise… eventually.

We are now well past the chronological midway point but we haven’t yet reached half way in terms of content. The massive upsurge of musical events that took place over the latter part of the 20th Century has still to unfold fully, raising the anticipation of plenty more to come… and, boy, is there plenty more! The ambitious effort to bring an interrelated bunch of musical factoids to life within the context of the broader human condition continues unabated. I hope you will join me on the rest of the journey, hopefully reconvening here‑ish next month. Until next time…

CRAVE Guitars ‘Quote of the Month’: “Material things feed the vanity of the ego, while music nourishes the spirit and sustains the soul.”

© 2019 CRAVE Guitars – Love Vintage Guitars.

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